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. 2020 Nov 26;11:6000. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-19849-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a Ifnb mRNA level in HeLa cells transfected with control vector, β-arrestin 2, or β-arrestin 2 mutants and infected with HSV-1 (left) or VSV (right) for 16 h (***P < 0.0001, **P = 0.0067, ***P < 0.0001, left panel; ***P = 0.0003, *P = 0.0133, ***P = 0.0003, right panel). b Luciferase assay of IFN-β activation in HEK293T cells expressing various vectors (***P < 0.0001, **P = 0.0017, ***P < 0.0001). c Ifnb mRNA level in Arrb2^−/− MEFs transfected with control vector, β-arrestin 2, or β-arrestin 2 mutants and infected with HSV-1 (left) or VSV (right) for 16 h (***P < 0.0001, **P = 0.0032, ***P = 0.0003, left panel; ***P < 0.0001, < 0.0001, = 0.0005 in sequence, right panel). d The virus titers as in c for 72 h (***P = 0.0006, = 0.0003, = 0.0007 in sequence, left panel; ***P < 0.0001, *P = 0.0014, 0.0012 in sequence, right panel). e Immunoassay of lysates of Arrb2^−/− MEFs transfected as in c and infected with HSV-1 for indicated times. f Immunoblot analysis of monomeric and dimeric IRF3 as in e. g Immunoblot analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions as in e. h Immunoassay of lysates of HEK293T cells expressing various vectors. i Immunoassay of cell lysates and streptavidin-precipitated proteins from HEK293T cells transfected with various vectors and stimulated with biotin-ISD. j Immunoassay of lysates of HEK293T cells expressing various vectors. k cGAMP activity measured by extracts from HT-DNA-stimulated (6 h) Arrb2^−/− MEFs transfected with various vectors. l Immunoblot analysis of monomeric and dimeric IRF3 as in f. m Immunoassay of lysates of peritoneal macrophages infected with HSV-1 for indicated times. n Immunoassay of lysates of Arrb2^−/− MEFs transfected as in l and infected with HSV-1 for 4 h. o Immunoassay of lysates as in n for 24 h. Data are representative of at least three independent experiments (mean ± SEM in b–d, n = 3). Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test.