Table 1.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models in the development cohort.
| Characteristic | EGFR mutant (n = 159) | EGFR wild-type (n = 143) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | P value | OR (95%CI) | P value | |||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 57.55±9.31 | 58.43±9.78 | 0.99 (0.97∼1.01) |
0.421 | NA | |
| Sex,% | ||||||
| Male | 58 (36.5) | 90 (62.9) | Reference | <0.001 | NA | |
| Female | 101 (63.5) | 53 (37.1) | 2.96 (1.85∼4.72) |
|||
| Smoking history*,% | ||||||
| Yes | 23 (14.5) | 58 (40.6) | Reference | <0.001 | Reference | |
| No | 136 (85.5) | 85 (59.4) | 0.25 (0.14∼0.43) |
0.2 (0.1, 0.4) | <0.001 | |
| CEA (μg/L),% | ||||||
| Normal | 44 (27.7) | 48 (33.6) | Reference | 0.267 | NA | |
| High | 115 (72.3) | 95 (66.4) | 1.32 (0.81, 2.16) |
|||
| Distribution,% | ||||||
| Central | 38 (23.9) | 40 (28.0) | Reference | 0.419 | NA | |
| Peripheral | 121 (76.1) | 103 (72.0) | 1.24 (0.74∼2.07) |
|||
| Lobe location,% | ||||||
| Right upper | 45 (28.3) | 41 (28.7) | Reference | 0.217 | NA | |
| Right middle | 19 (11.9) | 8 (5.6) | 2.16 (0.86∼ 5.47) |
|||
| Right lower | 37 (23.3) | 30 (21.0) | 1.12 (0.59∼ 2.13) |
|||
| Left upper | 34 (21.4) | 32 (22.4) | 0.97 (0.51∼1.84) |
|||
| Left lower | 24 (15.1) | 32 (22.4) | 0.68 (0.35∼1.35) |
|||
| Long-axis diameter | 3.91±1.83 | 5.17±2.55 | 0.77 (0.69∼0.86) |
<0.001 | NA | |
| Short-axis diameter | 3.12±3.07 | 3.62±1.76 | 0.89 (0.78∼1.02) |
0.098 | NA | |
| Size,% | ||||||
| ≤ 3 cm | 61 (38.4) | 32 (22.4) | Reference | 0.003 | NA | |
| >3 cm | 98 (61.6) | 111 (77.6) | 0.46 (0.28∼0.77) |
|||
| Contour,% | ||||||
| Regular | 68 (42.8) | 38 (26.6) | Reference | 0.003 | NA | |
| Irregular | 91 (57.2) | 105 (73.4) | 0.48 (0.30∼0.79) |
|||
| Lobulation,% | ||||||
| ≤ 3 | 75 (47.2) | 52 (36.4) | Reference | 0.058 | NA | |
| >3 | 84 (52.8) | 91 (63.6) | 0.64 (0.40∼1.02) |
|||
| Spiculation,% | ||||||
| Yes | 120 (75.5) | 80 (55.9) | 2.42 (1.49∼ 3.95) |
<0.001 | NA | |
| No | 39 (24.5) | 63 (44.1) | Reference | |||
| Texture,% | ||||||
| Non-solid | 36 (22.6) | 27 (18.9) | Reference | 0.422 | NA | |
| Solid | 123 (77.4) | 116 (81.1) | 0.80 (0.45∼1.39) |
|||
| Air bronchogram,% | ||||||
| Yes | 104 (65.4) | 69 (48.3) | 2.03 (1.28∼3.22) |
0.003 | NA | |
| No | 55 (34.6) | 74 (51.7) | Reference | |||
| Bubble-like lucency,% | ||||||
| Yes | 103 (64.8) | 57 (39.9) | 2.78 (1.74∼4.43) |
<0.001 | 2.2 (1.3, 3.8) | 0.003 |
| No | 56 (35.2) | 86 (60.1) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Calcification,% | ||||||
| Yes | 24 (15.1) | 36 (25.2) | 0.53 (0.30∼0.94) |
0.029 | NA | |
| No | 135 (84.9) | 107 (74.8) | Reference | |||
| Vascular convergence,% | ||||||
| Yes | 139 (87.4) | 101 (70.6) | 2.89 (1.60∼5.22) |
<0.001 | NA | |
| No | 20 (12.6) | 42 (29.4) | Reference | |||
| Fissure attachment,% | ||||||
| Yes | 50 (31.4) | 50 (35.0) | 0.85 (0.53∼1.38) |
0.517 | NA | |
| No | 109 (68.6) | 93 (65.0) | Reference | |||
| Pleural attachment,% | ||||||
| Yes | 42 (26.4) | 71 (49.7) | 0.36 (0.22∼0.59) |
<0.001 | 0.4 (0.2, 0.7) | 0.001 |
| No | 117 (73.6) | 72 (50.3) | Reference | Reference | ||
| TABD,% | ||||||
| Yes | 101 (63.5) | 42 (29.4) | 4.19 (2.58∼6.79) |
<0.001 | 3.1 (1.8, 5.3) | <0.001 |
| No | 58 (36.5) | 101 (70.6) | Reference | |||
| Peripheral emphysema,% | ||||||
| Yes | 131 (82.4) | 123 (86.0) | 0.76 (0.41∼1.42) |
0.390 | NA | |
| No | 28 (17.6) | 20 (14.0) | Reference | |||
| Peripheral fibrosis,% | ||||||
| Yes | 127 (79.9) | 122 (85.3) | 0.68 (0.37∼1.25) |
0.215 | NA | |
| No | 32 (20.1) | 21 (14.7) | Reference | |||
| Inflammation,% | ||||||
| Yes | 110 (69.2) | 101 (70.6) | 0.93 (0.57∼ 1.53) |
0.784 | NA | |
| No | 49 (30.8) | 42 (29.4) | Reference | |||
| Pleural effusion,% | ||||||
| Yes | 41 (25.8) | 53 (37.1) | 0.59 (0.36∼0.96) |
0.035 | NA | |
| No | 118 (74.2) | 90 (62.9) | Reference | |||
CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; NA, not applicable; SD, standard deviation; TABD, Thickened adjacent bronchovascular bundles.
⁎
Smoking history is defined as follows: Yes, former and current smokers; No, never smoked.