Table 5.

Gait and balance differences stratified by age group.

			Baseline assessment	Final assessment	Change from baseline to final assessment	P–value for comparison between baseline and final assessment	Annual rate of change
Younger group* (n = 25)	Age		64.2 ± 4.6 [66]	67.1 ± 4.6 [69]
	Performance–based tests	Tandem gait missteps	1.5 ± 2.5 [0.5]	3.0 ± 3.8 [1]	1.5 ± 3.3 [1]	p = 0.04a	0.5
		Tandem stance time (seconds)c	7.7 ± 3.6 [10]	6.2 ± 4.1 [7]	−1.5 ± 4.6 [0]	p = 0.3a	−1
	Self–reported assessments	Near falls per year	21.6 ± 45.8 [0]	13.8 ± 22.1 [3]	−7.8 ± 38.9 [0]	p = 0.8a	−2.6
		Falls per year	2.2 ± 5.3 [0]	1.2 ± 1.9 [1]	−1.0 ± 5.3 [0]	p = 0.9a	−0.3
		Total ABC−6 score	378.8 ± 160.8 [420]	372.8 ± 146.3 [360]	−6.0 ± 101.8 [−15]	p = 0.9a	−2
		Used any type of walking aidc	2 (8)	5 (20)	3 (12)	p = 0.3b	2
Older group** (n = 124)	Age		81.6 ± 6.8 [81]	84.6 ± 6.9 [84]
	Performance–based tests	Tandem gait missteps	5.5 ± 4.0 [5.5]	6.9 ± 3.7 [9]	1.4 ± 3.8 [0]	p = 0.002a	0.5
		Tandem stance time (seconds)c	5.8 ± 4.3 [6]	3.8 ± 4.1 [2]	−2.0 ± 3.8 [0]	p = 0.000a	−1.3
	Self–reported assessments	Near falls per year	18.0 ± 73.5 [0]	37.6 ± 85.3 [2.3]	19.6 ± 104.2 [0]	p = 0.002a	6.5
		Falls per year	0.99 ± 1.7 [0]	1.7 ± 3.9 [1]	0.7 ± 3.1 [0]	p = 0.1a	0.2
		Total ABC−6 score	317.7 ± 168.9 [310]	294.4 ± 168.1 [300]	−23.3 ± 110.6 [−15]	p = 0.01a	−7.8
		Used any type of walking aidc	36 (29)	57 (46)	21 (17)	p = 0.000b	14

ABC-6, Transformed Six-Item Activities of Balance Confidence Scale score.

All values represent mean ± standard deviation [median], or number (percentage), and p-values.

^*Younger group consists of participants that were age 69 and under at baseline assessment.

^**Older group consists of participants that were age 70 and above at baseline assessment.

^aWilcoxon Signed-Rank Test.

^bMcNemar's Test.

^cT2 is baseline assessment. Bolded values are significant (p < 0.05). For some tests, n < 25 or 124.