Table 1.
Mean difference of personal protective equipment (PPE)-related waste disposal perception attitudes.
| Variables (n; %) | Overall perception and attitudes | P&A-1 | P&A-2 | P&A-3 | P&A-4 | P&A-5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total mean ± SD | 17.754 ± 3.342 | 4.673 ± 0.749 | 3.399 ± 1.357 | 3.291 ± 1.459 | 2.360 ± 1.275 | 4.031 ± 1.161 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male (745; 57.20%) | 17.431 ± 3.475*** | 4.663 ± 0.766 | 3.258 ± 1.351*** | 3.268 ± 1.456 | 2.323 ± 1.296 | 3.918 ± 1.240*** |
| Female (558; 42.80%) | 18.186 ± 3.106 | 4.686 ± 0.727 | 3.589 ± 1.342 | 3.321 ± 1.463 | 2.408 ± 1.247 | 4.181 ± 1.029 |
| Age group | ||||||
| 18–30 years (1,138; 87.3%) | 17.728 ± 3.374 | 4.676 ± 0.751** | 3.395 ± 1.363 | 3.241 ± 1.465*** | 2.401 ± 1.286* | 4.016 ± 1.159 |
| 31–40 years (99; 7.6%) | 18.37 ± 3.151 | 4.778 ± 0.581 | 3.586 ± 1.317 | 3.747 ± 1.296 | 2.111 ± 1.186 | 4.151 ± 1.248 |
| 41–50 years (31; 2.4%) | 17.645 ± 3.136 | 4.677 ± 0.599 | 3.419 ± 1.385 | 3.581 ± 1.500 | 2.000 ± 1.211 | 3.967 ± 1.277 |
| More than 51 years (35; 2.7%) | 16.943 ± 2.786 | 4.286 ± 1.073 | 3.029 ± 1.175 | 3.371 ± 1.457 | 2.057 ± 1.109 | 4.200 ± 0.867 |
| Residence | ||||||
| Rural (365; 28.0%) | 16.644 ± 3.573*** | 4.430 ± 0.957*** | 3.096 ± 1.300*** | 3.008 ± 1.409*** | 2.564 ± 1.204*** | 3.545 ± 1.256*** |
| Urban (938; 72.0%) | 18.187 ± 3.145 | 4.768 ± 0.626 | 3.518 ± 1.360 | 3.401 ± 1.464 | 2.280 ± 1.294 | 4.219 ± 1.065 |
| Education | ||||||
| Primary (23; 1.8%) | 15.913 ± 2.678* | 4.174 ± 1.072* | 2.869 ± 1.140** | 2.826 ± 1.614 | 2.174 ± 1.193 | 3.869 ± 0.967 |
| Secondary (50; 3.8%) | 17.420 ± 3.643 | 4.640 ± 0.875 | 3.240 ± 1.302 | 3.120 ± 1.466 | 2.500 ± 1.344 | 3.920 ± 1.047 |
| Higher secondary (318; 24.4%) | 17.616 ± 3.194 | 4.679 ± 0.722 | 3.286 ± 1.354 | 3.211 ± 1.442 | 2.384 ± 1.292 | 4.056 ± 1.116 |
| Graduate (650; 49.9%) | 17.917 ± 3.225 | 4.692 ± 0.720 | 3.521 ± 1.343 | 3.295 ± 1.461 | 2.377 ± 1.265 | 4.031 ± 1.156 |
| Postgraduate (262; 20.1%) | 17.744 ± 3.735 | 4.668 ± 0.783 | 3.313 ± 1.398 | 3.450 ± 1.450 | 2.279 ± 1.278 | 4.034 ± 1.266 |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Business (30; 2.3%) | 17.700 ± 4.036 | 4.700 ± 0.794*** | 3.200 ± 1.186 | 3.533 ± 1.408 | 2.400 ± 1.003 | 3.867 ± 1.224 |
| Service (219; 16.8%) | 17.612 ± 3.428 | 4.667 ± 0.780 | 3.365 ± 1.389 | 3.425 ± 1.458 | 2.210 ± 1.246 | 3.945 ± 1.312 |
| Student (832; 63.9%) | 17.829 ± 3.301 | 4.686 ± 0.733 | 3.454 ± 1.354 | 3.215 ± 1.479 | 2.433 ± 1.304 | 4.041 ± 1.127 |
| Teacher (42; 3.2%) | 18.381 ± 3.882 | 4.881 ± 0.328 | 3.452 ± 1.451 | 3.643 ± 1.574 | 2.238 ± 1.411 | 4.167 ± 1.286 |
| Housewife (48; 3.7%) | 17.312 ± 3.149 | 4.187 ± 1.065 | 3.083 ± 1.235 | 3.500 ± 1.288 | 2.375 ± 1.248 | 4.167 ± 0.975 |
| Unemployed (73; 5.6%) | 17.479 ± 3.420 | 4.671 ± 0.765 | 3.219 ± 1.315 | 3.411 ± 1.245 | 2.274 ± 1.133 | 3.904 ± 1.227 |
| Others (59; 4.5%) | 17.508 ± 2.873 | 4.746 ± 0.575 | 3.305 ± 1.417 | 3.169 ± 1.440 | 2.051 ± 1.121 | 3.237 ± 0.953 |
***p < 0.001; **p < 0.01; *p < 0.05.
P&A-1, wearing PPE (e.g., mask, hand gloves, etc.) while going outside of home; P&A-2, disposing PPE and other healthcare waste in separate covered bins or bags; P&A-3, disposing PPE and other healthcare waste in household waste bins; P&A-4, burning PPE and other healthcare waste individually; P&A-5, disposing PPE and other healthcare waste in community containers or disposal areas.