Table 1.
Comparison of Symptoms and Ocular Surface Parameters Between Male and Female Participants
| Characteristic | All | Male | Female | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalence of symptoms (%) | ||||
| Dryness | 24.8 | 22.6 | 25.9 | 0.600 |
| Irritation | 23.8 | 17.3 | 27.4 | 0.101 |
| Pain | 13.8 | 9.3 | 16.3 | 0.161 |
| Lacrimation | 6.7 | 5.3 | 7.4 | 0.564 |
| Fatigue | 41.0 | 36.0 | 43.7 | 0.277 |
| Blurring | 32.4 | 36.0 | 30.4 | 0.403 |
| Photophobia | 27.6 | 25.3 | 28.9 | 0.581 |
| Ocular surface parameters (mean ± standard deviation) | ||||
| ST (mm) | 12.9 ± 9.3 | 12.1 ± 8.4 | 13.4 ± 9.8 | 0.311 |
| SM (mm) | 2.5 ± 1.6 | 2.5 ± 1.7 | 2.4 ± 1.5 | 0.755 |
| Corneal staining score | 0.43 ± 0.66 | 0.36 ± 0.58 | 0.47 ± 0.70 | 0.240 |
| BUT (s) | 3.1 ± 2.0 | 3.6 ± 2.0 | 2.7 ± 2.0 | <0.001a |
| Topical medication and phakic status (%) | ||||
| Topical medication (any) (n = 98) | 41.9 | 34.7 | 45.9 | 0.113 |
| Hyaluronate (n = 32) | 15.3 | 20.0 | 12.7 | 0.152 |
| Mucin secretagogue (n = 40) | 18.7 | 9.3 | 23.9 | 0.010a |
| Steroid (n = 5) | 2.4 | 1.3 | 3.0 | 0.458 |
| Glaucoma (n = 5) | 6.7 | 9.3 | 5.3 | 0.248 |
| IOL (n = 27) | 12.9 | 12.0 | 13.3 | 0.782 |
Eyedrops were hyaluronate (0.1% hyaluronate), mucin secretagogue (3% diquafosol; 2% rebamipide), steroid (prescribed as combination of 0.1% fluorometholone and 0.1% hyaluronate), 0.1% pranoprofen, and antiglaucoma (0.005% latanoprost; 0.004% travoprost, 0.5% timolol; 2% carteolol; mixed combination of 1% dorzolamide and 0.5% timolol; 0.4% ripasudil). IOL, intraocular lens.
a
P < 0.05, male versus female, χ2 test or t-test as appropriate.