Table 3.
Complications, Treatment, Outcome
| All patients (n = 319) |
Discharged (n = 238) |
Deceased (n = 81) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment | ||||
| Hydroxychloroquine — no. (%) | 164 (51.41) | 130 (54.62) | 34 (41.98) | 0.0489 |
| Antibiotics — no. (%) | 227/318 (71.38) | 161/237 (67.93) | 66/81 (81.48) | 0.0164 |
| Systemic glucocorticoids — no. (%) | 36/317 (11.36) | 25/237 (10.55) | 11/80 (13.75) | 0.4436 |
| Mechanical ventilation — no. (%) | 71 (22.26) | 46 (19.33) | 25 (30.86) | 0.0354 |
| - Invasive ventilation | 40 (12.54) | 23 (9.66) | 17 (20.99) | 0.0112 |
| - Non-invasive ventilation | 22 (6.90) | 15 (6.30) | 7 (8.64) | 0.4830 |
| - High flow oxygen device | 9 (2.82) | 8 (3.36) | 1 (1.23) | 0.2779 |
| Complications | ||||
| Acute respiratory distress syndrome — no. (%) | 45 (14.11) | 24 (10.08) | 21 (25.93) | 0.0008 |
| Acute kidney injuryc — no. (%) | 57 (17.87) | 20 (8.40) | 37 (45.68) | < 0.0001 |
| - Need for renal replacement therapy | 13 (4.08) | 5 (2.10) | 8 (9.88) | 0.0049 |
| Venous thrombo-embolism — no. (%) | 25 (7.84) | 20 (8.40) | 5 (6.17) | 0.5088 |
| - Deep venous thrombosis | 22 (6.90) | 17 (7.14) | 5 (6.17) | 0.7634 |
| - Pulmonary embolism | 5 (1.57) | 3 (1.26) | 2 (2.47) | 0.3853† |
| Hypoglycemiaa — no. (%) | 16 (5.02) | 9 (3.78) | 7 (8.64) | 0.1013 |
| Hyperglycemia b — no. (%) | 22 (6.90) | 12 (5.04) | 10 (12.35) | 0.0343 |
| Stroke — no. (%) | 4 (1.25) | 0 (0.00) | 4 (4.94) | 0.0021 |
| Hyponatraemia < 135 mmol/L — no. (%) | 157 (49.22) | 120 (50.42) | 37 (45.68) | 0.4607 |
| Hyponatraemia < 130 mmol/L — no. (%) | 74 (23.20) | 63 (26.47) | 11 (13.58) | 0.0133 |
| Outcome | ||||
| Admission to the ICU — no. (%) | 63 (19.75) | 39 (16.39) | 24 (29.36) | 0.0123 |
| Median length of stay in hospital — no. (%) | 8 (5–14) | 8 (5–14) | 8 (5–12) | 0.0273 |
| - Not known | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
aHypoglycemia was defined as a serum glucose level of < 70 mg/dl
bHyperglycemia was defined as a serum glucose level of > 250 mg/dl
cAcute kidney injury was defined according to the KDIGO guidelines as an increase in serum creatinine by 0.3 mg/dl within 48 h, or an increase in serum creatinin 1.5 times baseline creatinin, which is known or presumed to have occurred within the prior 7 days