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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Nov 27.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019 May 7;221(3):259.e1–259.e16. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.04.037

TABLE 1.

Demographic characteristics of women in the IMPROVE study at study entry

Characteristic VM group (n = 152) BM group (n = 148)
Age (years), mean ± SD 28.2 ± 6.4 27.6 ± 6.4
Site, n (%)
 Eskenazi 86 (56.6) 83 (56.1)
 Methodist 66 (43.4) 65 (43.9)
Nulliparous women, n (%) 59 (38.8) 65 (43.9)
Race/ethnicity, n (%)
 White 74 (48.7) 66 (44.6)
 African American 45 (29.6) 49 (33.1)
 Other 33 (21.7) 33 (22.3)
Ethnicity, n (%)
 Hispanic/Latino 42 (27.6) 44 (29.7)
 Non-Hispanic/non-Latino 109 (71.7) 99 (66.9)
 Prefer not to answer 1 (0.7) 5 (3.4)
BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD 35.7 ± 7.2 35.1 ± 7.3
BMI category, n (%)
 <18 0 1 (0.7)
 18–25 7 (4.6) 12 (8.1)
 25–30 22 (14.5) 22 (14.9)
 30–40 87 (57.2) 77 (52.0)
 >40 36 (23.7) 36 (24.3)
Gestational age at trial entry (weeks), mean ± SD 39.6 ± 1.3 39.5 ± 1.3
Indication for induction, n (%)
 Fetal indications 10 (6.6) 17 (11.5)
 Hypertensive disorder 33 (21.7) 31 (21.0)
 Diabetes mellitus 10 (6.6) 20 (13.5)
 Late-term pregnancy (≥41+0 weeks) 44 (29.0) 36 (24.3)
 Elective 21 (13.8) 13 (8.8)
 Multiple reasons 13 (8.6) 13 (8.8)
 Other 21 (13.8) 18 (12.2)
Epidural, n (%) 127 (83.6) 122 (82.4)
Cervical dilation, n (%)
 <1 cm 31 (20.7) 37 (25.2)
 1–2 cm 102 (68) 89 (60.6)
 >2 cm 17 (11.3) 21 (14.3)
Cervical dilation (cm), mean ± SD 1.3 ± 0.9 1.3 ± 0.9
Effacement of cervix, n (%)
 0–30% or >4 cm length 82 (54.7) 82 (55.8)
 40–50% or 3–4 cm length 62 (41.3) 52 (35.4)
 60–70% or 1–2 cm length 5 (3.3) 10 (6.8)
Effacement of cervix measure (%), mean ± SD 31.7 ± 20.8 31.8 ± 22.8
Fetal station (cm), n (%)
 −3 106 (72.1) 106 (72.6)
 −2 34 (23.1) 36 (24.7)
 −1,0 7 (4.8) 4 (2.7)
Fetal station (cm), mean ± SD −2.8 ± 0.8 −2.8 ± 0.7
Bishop score, mean ± SD 2.3 ± 1.7 2.2 ± 1.7

No statistically significant differences in any baseline characteristics between groups.

BM, buccal misoprostol; BMI, body mass index; VM, vaginal misoprostol.