Table 1.
Odorous compounds identified on textiles unwashed after wear and/or after a household laundering process. FD = flavour dilution. Some studies show data on microorganisms and / or volatiles of clothes after wearing and before washing (= after wearing), while other studies present data on worn clothes after washing (= after washing). “Involved microorganisms” refers to microorganisms that have been linked with the production of the respective substances in the literature.
Volatile Group | Odorous Volatiles | Involved Microorganisms | Analysis before and/or after Washing, FD-value | Literature |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fatty acids | Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) |
Propionibacterium sp.
Staphylococcus sp. |
after wearing | [41,58] |
Propanoic acid |
Propionibacterium sp.
Staphylococcus sp. |
after wearing | [41,58] | |
2-methylpropanoic acid (isobutyric acid) | Bacillus subtilis | after wearing | [59] | |
Butanoic acid | after wearing | [8] | ||
2-methylbutanoic acid | Bacillus subtilis | after wearing | [59] | |
3-methylbutanoic acid (isovaleric acid) |
Bacillus subtilis
Staphylococcus epidermidis |
after wearing and after washing | [6,38,43,59,60,61,62] | |
3-methyl-2-hexenoic acid |
Corynebacterium sp.
Micrococcus sp. |
after wearing | [42,58,60,63,64] | |
4-methyl-3-hexenoic acid (4M3H) | Moraxella osloensis | after washing | [2,43] | |
5-methyl-4-hexenoic acid | after washing | [43] | ||
3-methyl-3-hydroxy-hexanoic acid | Corynebacterium bovis, Corynebacterium jeijeikum, Corynebacterium striatum | after wearing | [42,60,63,64] | |
6-heptenoic acid | after washing | [43] | ||
4-methyloctanoic acid | after washing | [6] | ||
4-ethyloctanoic acid | after washing; FD > 256 | [6] | ||
Steroid compounds | 5-α-androstenol | after wearing | [65] | |
5-α-androstenone | after wearing | [66] | ||
5-α-androst-2-en-17-one | Staphylococcus sp. Corynebacterium sp. | after wearing and after washing | [6,38,60,61,62,67] | |
5-α-androst-16-ene-3-one | after wearing | [58] | ||
Sulfur compounds | 3-methyl-3-sulfanyl-hexan-1-ol (3M3SH) |
Staphylococcus haemolyticus; Staphylococcus hominis | after wearing | [38,39,42,60,63,64] |
Dimethyl disulphides | after washing | [8,68] | ||
Dimethyl trisulphides | after washing | [8,68] | ||
Benzyl mercaptan | Corynebacterium sp. | after wearing | [39] | |
Ketones | 1-hexen-3-one | after washing | [6] | |
2-heptanone | after wearing | [8] | ||
2-octanone | after wearing | [8] | ||
1-octen-3-one | after wearing and after washing | [6,67] | ||
2-nonanone | after wearing | [8] | ||
Medium-chain ketones (undetermined) |
[10] | |||
Esters | Ethyl-2-methylpropanoate | after washing; FD > 256 | [6] | |
Ethyl butanoate | after wearing and after washing; FD > 256 | [6,67] | ||
Methyl-3-methyl-hexanoate | after wearing | [58] | ||
Methyl laurate | after wearing | [58] | ||
Methyl myristate | after wearing | [58] | ||
2-Aminoacetophenone | after wearing; FD > 256 | [6] | ||
Diethyl phthalate | after wearing | [58] | ||
Aldehydes | Methional | after washing | [6] | |
Hexanal | after washing | [46] | ||
(Z)-4-heptenal | after washing; FD > 256 | [6] | ||
Octanal | after washing; FD > 256 | [6] | ||
after washing | [46] | |||
(E)-2-octenal | after washing | [6] | ||
Cis/trans-2-nonenal | after wearing and after washing; FD > 256 | [6,46] | ||
(E,Z)-2,4-nonadienal | after washing; FD > 256 | [6] | ||
(E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal | after washing; FD > 256 | [6] | ||
Decanal | after washing | [43] | ||
(E,E)-2,4-decadienal | after washing | [6] | ||
(E)-4,5-epoxy-E-2-decenal | after wearing; FD > 256 | [6] | ||
4-methoxybenzaldehyde | after washing; FD > 256 | [6,68] | ||
Medium-chain aldehydes (not determined) |
[10] | |||
Alcohols | Oct-1-en-3-ol | after washing | [67] | |
2-Nonanol | after wearing | [58] | ||
1-Decanol | after washing | [68] | ||
1-Dodecanol | after washing; FD > 256 | [68] | ||
2-Phenylethanol | after wearing and after washing; FD > 256 | [67,68] | ||
2-Methoxyphenol (guaiacol) | after wearing and after washing | [6,67] | ||
Others | Naphthalene | after wearing | [67] |