Table 1.

Regulators of PD-L1.

Type	Regulators of PD-L1	Change in PD-L1 Levels	References
Genetic alteration	amplifications translocations disruption of 3′ UTR region	↑	[14,15,16]
Oncogenic signaling	CDK5 STAT3 PTEN loss MEK RAS EGFR ALK MYC	↑	[18,20,21,24,61,62,63]
Inflammatory signaling	INF-γ INF-α IFN-β TNFα TGF-β	↑	[5,28,29,54,64]
Post-translational modifications	CMTM6 CMTM4 CSN5 palmitoylation	↑	[48,49,54,56,57,58]
	GSK3-β CDK4	↓