Table 4.
Non-conventional extraction methods for phenolic compounds in potatoes.
| Potato Cultivar | Extraction System |
Experimental Conditions | Target Class of Compound | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nicola, Timo, Siikli, Rosamund, Van Gogh | UAE | MeOH and 10% acetic acid (85:15), 30 min | CGA, CA, FA, sinapic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid | [83] |
| 20 potato cultivars | MeOH (80%), acetic acid (1%), 20 min | CGA, petunidin-3-glucoside chloride, pelargonidin-3-glucopyranoside | [84] | |
| Purple, Innovator, Russet, Yellow | MeOH–acetone–water (7:7:6, v/v/v), 20 min, 30 °C | CGA, CA, p-CUA, FA | [85] | |
| Penta, Marcy | MeOH and 10% acetic acid (85:15), 30 min | CGA, CA, GA, p-CUA, FA | [8] | |
| Diamond | MeOH (70%), ultrasonic water bath with ice, 15 min | CGA, caffeic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric, and trans-o-hydroxycinnamic acids | [86] | |
| Russet | Solvents used for extraction: solvent A (25% water, 70% MeOH, 5% acetic acid) solvent B (24% water, 67% EtOH, 9% acetic acid), solvent C (46% water, 51% EtOH, 3% acetic acid), 20min | CGA, CA, neo-CGA | [87] | |
| BP1 | MeOH: acetone: ultra-pure water (7:7:1; v:v:v), 5 min | CGA, CA, FA | [88] | |
| Netherlands #7 | MeOH (80%) and formic acid (1%), 30 °C, 30 min | GA, PCA, CGA | [89] | |
| Ramus | Continuous air stream ultrasonic bath, 15 min | Total phenolics content | [45] | |
| Calwhite | MAE | EtOH (60%), 80 °C, 2 min, solid-to-solvent ratio 1:40 (g/mL) | CGA, CA, neo-CGA, crypto-CGA, FA, p-CUA | [90] |
| Russt Burbank | MeOH (67.33%), 15 min and a MP of 14.67% | Total phenolics content | [51] | |
| Agria | 150–1000 W, 1–7 min | PCA, CGA, neo-CGA, crypto-CGA | [91] | |
| Lady Claire | Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) + solid–liquid extraction | 10.3 MPa, 125 °C, EtOH (70%) | CA | [57] |
| Red | 40 bar, 190 °C, 9 min of static holding time using a flow rate of 3 mL min−1 | GA, GCA and syringic acid | [92] | |
| Red | Subcritical water extraction | 180 °C, 30 min | GA, CGA, CA, PCA, syringic acid, p-hydroxyl benzoic acid, FA, CUA | [18] |
| Vitelotte | PEF aided extraction | 3.4 kV/m and 105 µs (35 pulses of 3 µs), water | Anthocyanins | [55] |
| Vitelotte | Ohmic heating assisted | 100 °C for 1 s 200 V/cm, water | Anthocyanins, CGA, FA, ellagic acid, catechin, rutin | [56] |
| Russet Burbank (dark brown skins) |
SeqHTE sequential hydrothermal 3xtraction | Stage 1: 150 or 170 °C; Stage 2: 200 or 220 °C for variable residence times from 10 to 20 min | Total phenolics content (CGA, CA, p-CUA, FA, GA, salicylic acid, catechin, epicatechin, naringenin, syringic acid, and ellagic acid) | [53] |
HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography; UPLC: ultra performance liquid chromatography; DAD: diode array detector; UV: ultraviolet detector; MS: mass spectrometer; SeqHTE: sequential hydrothermal extraction, PEF: pulsed electric field; MP: microwave (MW) power (watts).