Table 1.
Associations between Cryptosporidium infection and human digestive neoplasia in different populations.
| Type of Cancer | Type of Study | Geographic Localization | Clinical Sample:Laboratory Method | n (%) | p-Value | Immuno-Suppression | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colonic adenocarcinoma | Case report | Spain | Not reported | 1 | NA a | No | [33] |
| Pancreatic cancer | Case report | Brazil | Tissues/Microscopical observation | 1 | NA a | HIV/AIDS | [34] |
| Colorectal cancer(Adenocarcinoma) | Data matching between HIV/AIDS and cancer registry databases in 16 U.S. states | United States | Tissues/Microscopical observation | 3/269 (1%) | 0.70 | HIV/AIDS | [35] |
| Colorectalsquamous cell carcinoma | Data matching between HIV/AIDS and cancer registry databases in 16 U.S. states | United States | Tissues/Microscopical observation | 1/8 (12.5%) | 0.02 b | HIV/AIDS | [35] |
| Uncommon colorectal cancers) | Data matching between HIV/AIDS and cancer registry databases in 16 U.S. states | United States | Tissues/Microscopical observation | 3/43 (7%) | 0.04 b | HIV/AIDS | [35] |
| Bile duct carcinoma | Case reports | United States | Tissues/Microscopical observation | Not reported | NA a | X linked immunodeficiency with hyper-lgM | [36] |
| Hepatoma | Analysis of the USIDNET Registry | United States | Not reported | 1/145(1%) | NA a | X-linked hyper-IgMsyndrome in children | [38] |
| Cholangiocarcinoma | Case report | United Kingdom | Stool samples,Coprological analysis | 1 | NA a | CD40L deficiency | [39] |
| Colonic adenocarcinoma | Case-control | Lebanon | DNA from biopsies, PCR | 15/72 (21%) | 0.003 b | No | [42] |
| Colonic adenocarcinoma | Cases | Poland | Stool samples, coprology and ELISA | 4/55(18%) | NA a | No | [43] |
| Colonic adenocarcinoma | Cases | Poland | Stool samples,ELISA | 10/87(12%) | NA a | No | [44] |
| Colonic adenocarcinoma | Case-control | Poland | Stool samples, coprology analysis and ELISA | 14/108 b(13%) | 0.015 b | No | [45] |
| Colonic adenocarcinoma | Cases | Poland | DNA from stools, PCR | 1/145(1%) | NA a | No | [46] |
| Colonic adenocarcinoma | Case-control | China | DNA from stools, PCR | 20/116 (17.24%) | <0.001 b | No | [46] |
| Gastric | Case-control | China | DNA from stools, PCR | 2/51 (4%) | 0.121 | No | [46] |
| Esophageal | Case-control | China | DNA from stools, PCR | 1/16 (6.25%) | 0.029 b | No | [46] |
| Liver | Case-control | China | DNA from stools, PCR | 1/7 (14.29%) | <0.001 b | No | [46] |
| Small Intestine | Case-control | China | DNA from stools, PCR | 2/5 (40%) | <0.001 b | NO | [46] |
a NA, Not applicable. b The difference between the prevalence of the cases and controls is statistically significant.