Table 2.
Multidrug resistance profiles of E. coli and Salmonella spp. isolated from healthy and diseased turkeys.
| Microorganism | Source | Pattern No. | Antibiotic Resistance Patterns | No. of Antibiotics (Classes) | No. of MDR Isolates (%) | Total (%) |
p-Value (Healthy vs. Diseased) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
E. coli (n = 55) |
Healthy Turkeys (n = 30) |
1 | E, MEM, CIP | 3 (3) | 14 | 24 (80%) |
0.112 |
| 2 | E, MEM, TE | 3 (3) | 1 | ||||
| 3 | E, MEM, LEV | 3 (3) | 2 | ||||
| 4 | E, MEM, S | 3 (3) | 3 | ||||
| 5 | E, MEM, CIP, LEV | 4 (3) | 1 | ||||
| 6 | E, MEM, LEV, TE | 4 (4) | 1 | ||||
| 7 | E, MEM, CIP, TE | 4 (4) | 1 | ||||
| 8 | E, MEM, S, CIP, TE | 5 (5) | 1 | ||||
| Diseased Turkeys (n = 25) |
1 | E, CIP, TE | 3 (3) | 4 | 24 (96%) |
||
| 2 | E, MEM, TE | 3 (3) | 3 | ||||
| 3 | E, CIP, LEV, TE | 4 (3) | 3 | ||||
| 4 | E, GEN, S, CIP, TE | 5 (4) | 3 | ||||
| 5 | E, MEM, C, CIP, TE | 5 (5) | 2 | ||||
| 6 | E, MEM, C, S, TE | 5 (5) | 1 | ||||
| 7 | E, C, GEN, CIP, LEV, TE | 6 (5) | 4 | ||||
| 8 | E, MEM, C, CIP, LEV, TE | 6 (5) | 2 | ||||
| 9 | E, MEM, C, GEN, CIP, LEV, TE | 7 (6) | 1 | ||||
| 10 | E, MEM, C, GEN, S, CIP, LEV, TE | 8 (6) | 1 | ||||
|
Salmonella spp. (n = 27) |
Healthy Turkeys (n = 11) |
1 | E, MEM, C, CIP, TE | 5 (5) | 3 | 8 (72.73%) | 0.056 |
| 2 | E, C, GEN, CIP, TE | 5 (5) | 1 | ||||
| 3 | E, MEM, IMP, C, GEN, S, TE | 7 (5) | 2 | ||||
| 4 | E, MEM, IMP, GEN, S, CIP, LEV, TE | 8 (6) | 2 | ||||
| Diseased Turkeys (n = 16) |
1 | E, MEM, TE | 3 (3) | 3 | 16 (100%) | ||
| 2 | E, IMP, TE | 3 (3) | 3 | ||||
| 3 | E, CIP, TE | 3 (3) | 5 | ||||
| 4 | E, LEV, TE | 3 (3) | 2 | ||||
| 5 | E, IMP, C, TE | 4 (4) | 1 | ||||
| 6 | E, C, S, LEV, TE | 5 (5) | 1 | ||||
| 7 | E, MEM, S, CIP, LEV, TE | 6 (5) | 1 |
A p-value less than 0.05 was deemed to be statistically significant; E. coli, Escherichia coli; TE, Tetracycline; E, Erythromycin; C, Chloramphenicol; LEV, Levofloxacin; GEN, Gentamicin; MEM, Meropenem; IMP, Imipenem; S, Streptomycin; CIP, Ciprofloxacin.