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. 2020 Nov 26;10:20622. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77674-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cannabidiol (CBD) induced human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell death via apoptosis and autophagy. (A) SCC15, Hep2, and FaDu cells were treated with 0, 3, 6, or 10 µM of CBD for 24 h and stained with Annexin V and PI. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. (B) SCC15 cells were incubated with CBD at the indicated doses and then quantitative real time RT-PCR and western blot analysis were performed. The mRNA levels of p53, Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and -9 and the protein levels of cleaved PARP and caspase-7 were analyzed upon exposure to CBD in HNSCC cells. (C) The expression levels of Beclin- and LC3II-encoding genes were determined by quantitative real time RT-PCR after treatment with 10 µM CBD for 24 h. Protein levels of LC3II were determined in FaDu and SCC15 cells treated with 0 or 6 µM CBD for 24 h. (D) Pretreatment of FaDu, Hep2, and SCC15 cells with CQ were exposed to 0 or 6 µM CBD for 24 h. The cell viability was determined by CCK8 assay. Data were represented as mean and standard deviation (SD) (n = 3); *p < 0.05 compared with the corresponding control. Full-length gels and blots in (B) and (C) are included in a supplemental experimental procedure.