Table 4.
Kendall rank correlation analysis by state.
| State | Kendall correlation | Standard error | Wald test (r = 0) | p-value | State | Kendall correlation | Standard error | Wald test (r = 0) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USA | − 0.6230*** | (0.0780) | [7.9891] | 1.36E−15 | Missouri | − 0.2919** | (0.1187) | [2.4585] | 0.0140 |
| Alabama | − 0.0679 | (0.1389) | [0.4887] | 0.6251 | Montana | − 0.2903** | (0.1405) | [2.0660] | 0.0388 |
| Alaska | − 0.2713** | (0.1279) | [2.1218] | 0.0339 | Nebraska | − 0.3589*** | (0.1216) | [2.9517] | 0.0032 |
| Arizona | − 0.3372** | (0.1313) | [2.5684] | 0.0102 | Nevada | − 0.2989** | (0.1424) | [2.0996] | 0.0358 |
| Arkansas | 0.4083*** | (0.1497) | [2.7278] | 0.0064 | New Hampshire | − 0.3397*** | (0.1313) | [2.5884] | 0.0096 |
| California | − 0.2801** | (0.1285) | [2.1794] | 0.0293 | New Jersey | − 0.0690 | (0.1451) | [0.4759] | 0.6342 |
| Colorado | 0.0510 | (0.1459) | [0.3498] | 0.7265 | New Mexico | − 0.2851** | (0.1184) | [2.4070] | 0.0161 |
| Connecticut | − 0.3060** | (0.1371) | [2.2320] | 0.0256 | New York | − 0.4379*** | (0.0871) | [5.0283] | 0.0000 |
| Delaware | − 0.0095 | (0.1545) | [0.0618] | 0.9507 | North Carolina | − 0.2817** | (0.1305) | [2.1582] | 0.0309 |
| DC | − 0.4986*** | (0.1119) | [4.4565] | 0.0000 | North Dakota | 0.2737* | (0.1507) | [1.8160] | 0.0694 |
| Florida | − 0.3247** | (0.1323) | [2.4538] | 0.0141 | Ohio | − 0.4007*** | (0.1350) | [2.9683] | 0.0030 |
| Georgia | − 0.3262** | (0.1290) | [2.5291] | 0.0114 | Oklahoma | − 0.2902** | (0.1400) | [2.0725] | 0.0382 |
| Hawaii | − 0.2372* | (0.1262) | [1.8805] | 0.0600 | Oregon | 0.2751** | (0.1320) | [2.0830] | 0.0373 |
| Idaho | − 0.1065 | (0.1435) | [0.7425] | 0.4578 | Pennsylvania | − 0.4173*** | (0.1192) | [3.5013] | 0.0005 |
| Illinois | − 0.1379 | (0.1369) | [1.0077] | 0.3136 | Rhode Island | − 0.1088 | (0.1497) | [0.7266] | 0.4675 |
| Indiana | − 0.0738 | (0.1344) | [0.5491] | 0.5830 | South Carolina | − 0.1900 | (0.1172) | [1.6215] | 0.1049 |
| Iowa | − 0.4162*** | (0.1172) | [3.5507] | 0.0004 | South Dakota | − 0.1255 | (0.1641) | [0.7645] | 0.4446 |
| Kansas | − 0.0851 | (0.1480) | [0.5752] | 0.5651 | Tennessee | − 0.3333*** | (0.1236) | [2.6974] | 0.0070 |
| Kentucky | − 0.3496*** | (0.1275) | [2.7423] | 0.0061 | Texas | 0.0202 | (0.1346) | [0.1502] | 0.8806 |
| Louisiana | − 0.3701*** | (0.1345) | [2.7529] | 0.0059 | Utah | − 0.3029*** | (0.1138) | [2.6617] | 0.0078 |
| Maine | − 0.3012** | (0.1388) | [2.1690] | 0.0301 | Vermont | − 0.3658*** | (0.1298) | [2.8179] | 0.0048 |
| Maryland | − 0.2630** | (0.1301) | [2.0218] | 0.0432 | Virginia | − 0.4270*** | (0.1141) | [3.7409] | 0.0002 |
| Massachusetts | − 0.3833*** | (0.1377) | [2.7829] | 0.0054 | Washington | − 0.4560*** | (0.0909) | [5.0152] | 0.0000 |
| Michigan | − 0.3908*** | (0.1466) | [2.6658] | 0.0077 | West Virginia | − 0.0733 | (0.1126) | [0.6515] | 0.5147 |
| Minnesota | − 0.3785*** | (0.1383) | [2.7372] | 0.0062 | Wisconsin | − 0.3506*** | (0.1191) | [2.9441] | 0.0032 |
| Mississippi | 0.0992 | (0.1486) | [0.6679] | 0.5042 | Wyoming | − 0.0416 | (0.1481) | [0.2811] | 0.7786 |
*p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01.