Table 2.
Sources and descriptions of data used in this study.
| Data source | Data description and links to data |
|---|---|
| Hendriksen et al.15 | The raw sequence data from this study was downloaded from ENA under project ERP015409. The data consists of 234 sewage metagenomemes from 62 countries. The antibiotic resistance genes were annotated against ResFinder v.3.1.0 database and intI1 against MobileGeneticElementDatabase. The third-generation cephalosporin ARGs were determined using a list of third generation cephalosporin drugs obtained from Medscape. The names of the drugs were then matched with the resistance profiles provided by ResFinder. |
| ResFinder: https://bitbucket.org/genomicepidemiology/resfinder | |
| Medscape: https://reference.medscape.com/drugs/cephalosporins-3rd-generation | |
| MobileGeneticElementDatabase: https://github.com/KatariinaParnanen/MobileGeneticElementDatabase | |
| Collignon et al.16 | Aggregated resistance index. This index includes data on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, and carbapenems, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. |
| EARS-Net, CAESAR, ResistanceMap | Clinical resistance data for invasive E. coli (blood, CSF) against four different classes of antibiotics, i.e., aminopenicillins, fluoroquinolones, third generation cephalosporins and aminoglycosides, were extracted. Only data from >100 isolates was considered reliable and included in the actual analyses. Clinical resistance data are available from 36 countries. For some countries clinical resistance data was not available for all antibiotic classes (Supplementary Table 3). |
| EARS-Net: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/antimicrobial-resistance/surveillance-and-disease-data/data-ecdc | |
| CAESAR: https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/antimicrobial-resistance/publications/2018/central-asian-and-eastern-european-surveillance-of-antimicrobial-resistance-annual-report-2018-2018 | |
| ResistanceMap: resistancemap.cddep.org | |
| The World Bank | Data on socioeconomic factors were extracted from The World Bank Databank (https://databank.worldbank.org/source/health-nutrition-and-population-statistics) i.e., GDP, basic sanitation, basic drinking water, urban population, access to electricity |