Table 3.
Multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis for serum galectin-1, hsCRP concentration, and anatomical SYNTAX score (SYNTAX Sc) to the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).
| Univariable | Model 1* | Model 2✝ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Crude HR (95% CI) | P | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | P | Adjusted HR (95% CI) | p |
| Galectin-1 | ||||||
| tertile 1 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||
| tertile 2 | 0.63 (0.33–1.20) | 0.161 | 1.79 (0.60–5.36) | 0.297 | 4.42 (0.76–25.81) | 0.099 |
| tertile 3 | 2.35 (1.45–3.82) | 0.001 | 5.70 (2.24–14.47) | <0.001 | 10.95 (2.29–52.47) | 0.003 |
| Age | 1.01 (1.00–1.03) | 0.115 | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 0.320 | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 0.415 |
| Gender | 1.47 (0.94–2.31) | 0.094 | 1.10 (0.59–2.06) | 0.755 | 0.79 (0.33–1.87) | 0.593 |
| BMI | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | 0.451 | ||||
| HTN | 2.60 (1.54–4.37) | < 0.001 | 1.30 (0.44–3.86) | 0.633 | ||
| Diabetes | 1.89 (1.28–2.78) | 0.001 | 1.77 (0.87–3.58) | 0.113 | ||
| HF | 2.81 (1.69–4.68) | < 0.001 | 1.70 (0.72–4.01) | 0.224 | ||
| PAD | 2.34 (1.42–3.85) | 0.001 | 2.13 (0.71–6.33) | 0.176 | ||
| Stroke | 1.52 (0.77–3.00) | 0.234 | ||||
| Aspirin | 1.41 (0.95–2.08) | 0.085 | ||||
| Clopidogrel | 1.78 (1.13–2.79) | 0.013 | 0.52 (0.22–1.26) | 0.148 | ||
| ACEi / ARB | 1.99 (1.35–2.94) | 0.001 | 0.89 (0.44–1.80) | 0.747 | ||
| BB | 1.26 (0.82–1.95) | 0.292 | ||||
| Hb | 0.81 (0.73–0.89) | < 0.001 | 1.26 (1.04–1.54) | 0.021 | ||
| Creatinine | 1.18 (1.12–1.25) | < 0.001 | 1.15 (1.01-1.30) | 0.035 | ||
| TC | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.094 | ||||
| TG | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.053 | ||||
| hsCRP | 1.12 (1.06–1.17) | < 0.001 | 1.08 (0.99–1.18) | 0.099 | 1.12 (0.91–1.37) | 0.293 |
| MVD | 4.55 (3.01–6.86) | < 0.001 | 1.49 (0.54–4.12) | 0.443 | ||
| SYNTAX Sc | 1.06 (1.05–1.08) | < 0.001 | 1.05 (1.04–1.07) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.678 |
| LVEF | 0.97 (0.95–0.99) | 0.003 | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 0.942 | ||
| Received PCI | 3.38 (2.16–5.31) | < 0.001 | 11.80 (2.48–56.07) | 0.002 | ||
| Received CABG | 2.72 (1.45–5.08) | 0.002 | 10.93 (0.88–137.59) | 0.064 | ||
* = adjusted for age, gender, hs-CRP, and SYNAX scores.
✝ = adjusted for age, gender, and variables with p value < 0.05 in the univariable analysis.
ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; BB, beta-blocker; BMI, body mass index; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; Hb, hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HF, heart failure; HTN, hypertension; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MVD, multiple vessel disease; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides.