Table 2.

Formulations for cancer therapy authorized between 2000 and 2009 grouped by the type of therapy. SC: subcutaneous; IV: intravenous; IA: intra-arterial. * Conformité Européenne (CE)-marked for loading with doxorubicin or irinotecan.

Type of Therapy	Formulation Type	Mechanism of Action	Drug Substance	Trade Name	Administration Route	Dosing Frequency	Indications	First Approval	Current Status
Peptide-based therapy	Solid implant	Inhibition of gonadotropin secretion	Leuprolide acetate	Viadur	SC	12 months	Prostate cancer	2000	Discontinued
	In-situ-forming implants	Inhibition of gonadotropin secretion	Leuprolide acetate	Eligard	SC	1–6 months	Prostate cancer	2002	Active
	Solid implant	Inhibition of gonadotropin secretion	Histrelin acetate	Vantas	SC	12 months	Prostate cancer	2004	Active
	Liposomes	Immunomodulation	Mifamurtide	Mepact	IV	1/2–1 week	Osteosarcoma	2009	Active
Chemotherapy	Liposomes	Topoisomerase-II inhibition, DNA intercalation	Doxorubicin	Myocet	IV	3 weeks	Metastatic breast cancer	2000	Active
	Microspheres	-	Various *	DC Bead	IA	-	Hepatocellular carcinoma	2003	Active
	Protein-based nanoparticles	Microtubule inhibition	Paclitaxel	Abraxane	IV	1–3 weeks	Breast neoplasms, pancreatic neoplasms, non-small-cell lung cancer	2005	Active
	Microspheres	-	Various *	Hepasphere	IA	-	Hepatocellular carcinoma	2005	Active
Radiotherapy	Microspheres	Beta particle emission	Yttrium-90	SIR-Spheres	IA	-	Metastatic liver tumors	2002	Active