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. 2020 Oct 30;9(11):1068. doi: 10.3390/antiox9111068

Figure 5.

Figure 5

IL-4 induces activation of microglia/macrophages and oxidative stress in the CA1 layer of pKr-2-injected hippocampus in vivo. Sections (A,D,G (PBS); B,E,H (pKr-2); C,F,I (pKr-2 + IL-4Nab)) adjacent to those used in Figure 4 were processed for immunohistochemical staining or hydroethidine histochemistry. (A–C) CA1 layer of the hippocampus stained for OX-42 antibody to identify microglia/macrophages. Scale bar, 100 μm. (D–F) Hydroethidine histochemistry to detect oxidant production (ethidium fluorescence, red) in the CA1 layers of hippocampus. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 50 μm. (G–I) CA1 layers of the hippocampus stained for 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine (8-OHdG) antibody to detect oxidative DNA damages and counterstained with Nissl. Scale bar, 100 μm. (J) Quantification of ROS expression. * p < 0.001, significantly different from PBS (control). # p < 0.001, significantly different from pKr-2. mean ± SEM; n = 4 to 5 in each group, ANOVA and Newman–Keuls analysis. (K) Quantification of 8-OHdG expression. * p < 0.001, significantly different from PBS. # p < 0.001, significantly different from pKr-2. mean ± SEM; n = 4 to 5 in each group, ANOVA and Newman–Keuls analysis. Dotted lines indicate the CA1 layer of the hippocampus.