| Moderate (n = 125) | Severe (n = 69) | Critical (n = 101) | Total (n = 295) | p-Value | ||
| Demographic data | ||||||
| age | 72 (60; 83) | 75 (62; 86) | 72 (66; 82) | 73 (62; 83) | 0.377 | |
| female | 56a, b (44.8%) | 37b (53.6%) | 35a (34.7%) | 128 (43.4%) | 0.045 | |
| dead | 14a (11.2%) | 23b (33.3%) | 68c (67.3%) | 105 (35.6%) | 0.000 | |
| Critical Illness (dead or IMV) | 14a (11.2%) | 24b (34.8%) | 84c (83.2%) | 122 (41.4%) | 0.000 | |
| Institutionalized | 29 (23.8%) | 20 (29.4%) | 27 (26.7%) | 76 (26.1%) | 0.687 | |
| Symptoms | ||||||
| Fever | 76 (61.3%) | 48 (73.8%) | 72 (72.0%) | 196 (67.8%) | 0.116 | |
| Cough | 51a (41.5%) | 47b (72.3%) | 59b (59.0%) | 157 (54.5%) | 0.000 | |
| Dyspnea | 49a (40.2%) | 45b (71.4%) | 70b (70.7%) | 164 (57.7%) | 0.000 | |
| Thoracic pain | 12 (9.8%) | 2 (3.2%) | 4 (4.1%) | 18 (6.4%) | 0.114 | |
| Dysgeusia or Anosmia | 6 (5.0%) | 5 (7.9%) | 7 (7.2%) | 18 (6.4%) | 0.679 | |
| Myalgia | 17 (14.0%) | 13 (20.6%) | 22 (22.7%) | 52 (18.5%) | 0.234 | |
| Headache | 6 (5.0%) | 9 (14.3%) | 10 (10.3%) | 25 (8.9%) | 0.090 | |
| Nausea | 14 (11.5%) | 8 (12.9%) | 8 (8.2%) | 30 (10.7%) | 0.605 | |
| Vomiting | 15a (12.2%) | 5a, b (7.8%) | 2b (2.0%) | 22 (7.7%) | 0.017 | |
| Abdominal pain | 15 (12.3%) | 3 (4.7%) | 5 (5.1%) | 23 (8.1%) | 0.077 | |
| Confusion | 19 (15.4%) | 9 (13.8%) | 18 (18.0%) | 46 (16.0%) | 0.759 | |
| Fall | 22 (17.9%) | 5 (7.6%) | 12 (12.1%) | 39 (13.5%) | 0.125 | |
| Diarrhoea | 15 (12.3%) | 5 (7.8%) | 13 (13.0%) | 33 (11.5%) | 0.563 | |
| Chonic conditions | ||||||
| Mininum of one comorbidity | 111 (88.8%) | 60 (87.0%) | 95 (94.1%) | 266 (90.2%) | 0.248 | |
| History of heart infarction | 24 (19.4%) | 8 (11.8%) | 19 (18.8%) | 51 (17.4%) | 0.373 | |
| History of heart failure | 18 (14.4%) | 11 (15.9%) | 21 (20.8%) | 50 (16.9%) | 0.430 | |
| History of peripheric arterial disease | 12 (9.6%) | 6 (8.7%) | 11 (10.9%) | 29 (9.8%) | 0.889 | |
| History of stroke or transient ischemic attack | 10 (8.0%) | 10 (14.5%) | 18 (17.8%) | 38 (12.9%) | 0.082 | |
| History of cerebro-vascular disease | 43 (34.4%) | 25 (36.2%) | 43 (42.6%) | 111 (37.6%) | 0.435 | |
| Dementia | 18 (14.4%) | 13 (19.1%) | 21 (20.8%) | 52 (17.7%) | 0.429 | |
| COPD | 13 (10.4%) | 14 (20.9%) | 13 (12.9%) | 40 (13.7%) | 0.125 | |
| Asthma | 12 (9.6%) | 8 (11.9%) | 7 (6.9%) | 27 (9.2%) | 0.536 | |
| Chronic liver disease | 4a (3.2%) | 9b (13.4%) | 4a, b (4.0%) | 17 (5.8%) | 0.009 | |
| Diabetes (type I or II) | 41 (32.8%) | 19 (27.5%) | 33 (32.7%) | 93 (31.5%) | 0.717 | |
| Dyslipidemia | 42 (33.6%) | 29 (42.6%) | 47 (46.5%) | 118 (40.1%) | 0.127 | |
| Hypertension | 75 (60.0%) | 48 (70.6%) | 68 (67.3%) | 191 (65.0%) | 0.280 | |
| Past or active smoker | 25 (22.1%) | 11 (17.7%) | 26 (27.7%) | 62 (23.0%) | 0.339 | |
| Chronic kidney failure | 31 (24.8%) | 15 (21.7%) | 24 (23.8%) | 70 (23.7%) | 0.891 | |
| CHARLSON | 4 (2; 6) | 5 (3; 6) | 5 (3; 6) | 5.0 (2.0; 6.0) | 0.259 | |
| Chronic medications | ||||||
| Immunosuppresive treatment | 6 (4.9%) | 6 (8.7%) | 9 (8.9%) | 21 (7.2%) | 0.433 | |
| Oral antidiabetics | 26 (20.8%) | 9 (13.0%) | 23 (22.8%) | 58 (19.7%) | 0.268 | |
| Insuline | 17 (13.6%) | 6 (8.7%) | 15 (14.9%) | 38 (12.9%) | 0.476 | |
| Antiplatelet therapy | 39 (31.2%) | 19 (27.5%) | 43 (42.6%) | 101 (34.2%) | 0.082 | |
| Anticoagulation therapy | 26 (20.8%) | 17 (24.6%) | 20 (19.8%) | 63 (21.4%) | 0.737 | |
| ACE inhibitor | 16a (12.8%) | 15a, b (21.7%) | 28b (27.7%) | 59 (20.0%) | 0.019 | |
| Sartan | 17 (13.6%) | 6 (9.0%) | 12 (11.9%) | 35 (11.9%) | 0.639 | |
| Admission vitals | ||||||
| Temperature (℃) | 37.2a (36.4; 38) | 37.5a, b (36.7; 38.2) | 37.8 b (36.8; 38.3) | 37.5 (36.6; 38.2) | 0.044 | |
| Heart rate (/min) | 90 (78; 102) | 87.5 (75; 102) | 91 (80; 100) | 90 (78; 101) | 0.751 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 136.5 (120; 150) | 135.5 (117; 154) | 130.5 (118; 152) | 133 (120; 150) | 0.740 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 76 (70; 87) | 75 (66; 86) | 73 (65; 85) | 75 (67; 86) | 0.263 | |
| Need of oxygen at admission | 0a (0%) | 31b (44.9%) | 31b (30.7%) | 62 (21%) | 0.000 | |
| Pulse oxymetry | 95a (93; 97) | 89b (88; 94) | 91b (85.5; 94) | 93 (90; 96) | 0.000 | |
| Arterial blood gas analysis | ||||||
| pH | 7.48 (7.44; 7.50) | 7.47 (7.41; 7.53) | 7.47 (7.43; 7.50) | 7.47 (7.43; 7.50) | 0.844 | |
| paCO2 (mmHg) | 33 (30; 37) | 35 (31; 43) | 34 (29; 37) | 34 (30; 38) | 0.120 | |
| paO2 (mmHg) | 67 a (60; 74) | 64 a, b (54; 72) | 61b (54; 70) | 64 (56; 73) | 0.030 | |
| Bicarbonate (mmol/ L) | 25.5a, b (22.8; 27.2) | 26.3a (23.5; 30.1) | 24.0b (21.3; 27.1) | 25.3 (22.5; 27.2) | 0.014 | |
| Lactates (mmol/L) | 1.2 (0.8; 1.6) | 1.4 (0.9; 2.2) | 1.4 (1.0; 2.0) | 1.3 (0.9; 1.9) | 0.136 | |
| Laboratory work-up | C-reactive protein mg/L | 61.7a (23.8; 105.8) | 90.7b (45.5; 142.3) | 92.8b (53.4; 153.1) | 81.3 (39.4; 132.8) | 0.001 |
| Hemoglobin g/dL | 13.5 (11.9; 14.9) | 13.6 (12.7; 14.7) | 13.5 (12,0; 15,0) | 13,6 (12,2; 14,8) | 0,843 | |
| Platelets × 1000/mm3 | 222 (160; 290) | 203 (147; 263) | 191 (154; 251) | 204 (154; 268) | 0.110 | |
| White blood cell count × 1000/mm3 | 7.2 (4.7; 10.5) | 7.0 (5.8; 9.9) | 6.8 (5.4; 8.3) | 7.0 (5.2; 9.4) | 0.281 | |
| Neutrophiles × 1000/ mm3 | 5.7 (3.4; 8.1) | 5.2 (4.3; 8.4) | 5.5 (3.9; 6.9) | 5.5 (3.7; 7.5) | 0.554 | |
| Lymphocytes × 1000/mm3 | 0.9a (0.7; 1.2) | 0.8a, b (0.5; 1.2) | 0.7b (0.5; 1.1) | 0.8 (0.6; 1.2) | 0.033 | |
| Neutrophiles/lymphocytes | 6.3 (3.2; 10.3) | 7.2 (3.7; 14.3) | 6.6 (3.8; 11.1) | 6.8 (3.6; 11.7) | 0.275 | |
| Urea mg/dL | 40 (27; 58) | 41 (26; 78) | 47 (34; 75) | 43 (29; 67) | 0.110 | |
| Creatinine mg/dL | 1.0 (0.8; 1.4) | 1.0 (0.8; 1.6) | 1.1 (0.9; 1.6) | 1.1 (0.9; 1.5) | 0.259 | |
| Urea/creat | 38 (29; 53) | 37 (29; 52) | 42 (32; 52) | 39 (30; 52) | 0.159 | |
| Acute kidney failure in 72 h of admission | 34a (27.2%) | 25a, b (36.8%) | 56b (55.4%) | 115 (39.1%) | 0.000 | |
| Sodium mmol/L | 137 (135; 140) | 138 (134; 140) | 138 (134; 140) | 138 (134; 140) | 0.591 | |
| Potassium mmol/L | 4.1 (3.7; 4.4) | 4.0 (3.6; 4.4) | 4.0 (3.7; 4.5) | 4.0 (3.7; 4.4) | 0.721 | |
| Chloride mmol/L | 97a,b (94; 100) | 96a (93; 99) | 98b (94; 101) | 97 (94; 100) | 0.034 | |
| Bicarbonate mmol/L | 25 (22; 27) | 25 (23; 27) | 24 (22; 27) | 25 (22; 27) | 0.206 | |
| Lactate dehydrogenases UI/L | 317a (255; 395) | 341a,b (284; 410) | 421b (287; 548) | 342 (270; 447) | 0.000 | |
| Creatinine phosphokinases UI/L | 102a (53; 242) | 111a,b (50; 330) | 187b (90; 490) | 142 (62; 344) | 0.003 | |
| Total bilirubin mg/dL | 0.5 (0.4; 0.9) | 0.5 (0.4; 0.7) | 0.5 (0.4; 0.7) | 0.5 (0.4; 0.8) | 0.443 | |
| Direct bilirubin mg/dL | 0.3 (0.2; 0.4) | 0.2 (0.2; 0.4) | 0.3 (0.2; 0.4) | 0.3 (0.2; 0.4) | 0.587 | |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) UI/L | 37a (26; 52) | 37a,b (25; 63) | 46b (31; 72) | 40 (27; 62) | 0.009 | |
| Alanine aminotransferases (ALT) UI/L | 27 (19; 40) | 26 (16; 43) | 26 (18; 45) | 26 (18; 42) | 0.873 | |
| Gamma-glutamyl-transferases (gGT) UI/L | 50 (32; 102) | 59 (26; 99) | 43 (29; 74) | 48 (30; 92) | 0.364 | |
| Alkaline phosphatases UI/L | 82a (58; 108) | 79a (61; 105) | 69b (52; 84) | 77 (58; 97) | 0.003 | |
| INR | 1.2 (1.1; 1.3) | 1.1 (1.1; 1.2) | 1.2 (1.1; 1.3) | 1.2 (1.1; 1.3) | 0.314 | |
| Prothrombin time (seconds) | 79 (68; 86) | 81 (72; 91) | 77 (68; 88) | 79 (68; 88) | 0.324 | |
| Partial thromboplastin time (seconds) | 32 (30; 35) | 32 (30; 36) | 33 (30; 36) | 33 (30; 35) | 0.314 | |
| Albumin (mg/dL) | 35.1a (32.0; 38.4) | 33.4a,b (30.8; 37.3) | 33.4b (30.4; 36.2) | 34.3 (31.4; 37.6) | 0.029 | |
| a, b, c: each letter denotes a subset of WHO Severity Classification categories whose column proportions do not differ significantly from each other at the 0.05 level after Bonferroni’s correction. | ||||||
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