(A) The schematic illustration of the proposed lab-on-a-chip (LOC) system which integrates a microfluidic DEP chip on top of a CMOS image sensor. (B) The photograph of the integrated platform under test. (C) Pixel structure in CMOS image sensor with (i) its top view and (ii) cross-section illustrations, and (iii) SEM images. (D) View of DEP chip captured via (i) microscope, and (ii) CMOS sensor. (E) Images of trapped MDR K562 cells inside DEP device (f = 48.64 MHz, voltage = 9 Vpp) captured via (i) fluorescence microscope, and (ii) CMOS sensor. (F) (i) Flexible parylene DEP device, and (ii) the view of the electrode array of it under CMOS imager [260]. Copyright 2015, IEEE.