Table 2.
Proportion of transmitted drug (TDR) and of acquired drug resistance (ADR) between 2001 and 2017. ART-NP, antiretroviral-naïve patients; ART-EP, antiretroviral-experienced patients; P-value for trend of TDR between 2003 and 2017 and of ADR between 2001 and 2017. Prot, protease; RT, reverse transcriptase; DRM, drug resistance mutations; NRTI, nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NNRTI, non-nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors; PI, protease inhibitors; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio.
| Transmitted Drug Resistance (TDR) | n (%) | 95% CI | OR (95% CI) | p for Trend (2003–2017) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot/RT Sequence from ART-NP | ||||
| Total | 7310 (100.0%) | |||
| Any DRMs | 690 (9.4%) | 1.046 (1.024–1.068) | <0.001 | |
| NRTI resistance | 289 (4.0%) | 3.5–4.4 | 1.053 (1.019–1.088) | 0.002 |
| NNRTI resistance | 367 (5.0%) | 4.5–5.5 | 1.053 (1.028–1.078) | <0.001 |
| PI resistance | 206 (2.8%) | 2.5–3.2 | 1.000 (0.964–1.038) | 0.985 |
| Single class resistance | 535 (7.3%) | 6.7–7.9 | 1.038 (1.014–1.063) | 0.002 |
| Dual class resistance | 138 (1.9%) | 1.6–2.2 | 1.071 (1.021–1.123) | 0.005 |
| PI + NRTI resistance | 30 (0.4%) | 0.3–0.6 | 0.891 (0.808–0.982) | 0.021 |
| PI + NNRTI resistance | 18 (0.2%) | 0.2–0.4 | 0.999 (0.883–1.132) | 0.994 |
| NRTI+NNRTI resistance | 90 (1.2%) | 0.9-1.5 | 1.163 (1.091–1.240) | <0.001 |
| Triple class resistance | 17 (0.2%) | 0.1–0.4 | 1.019 (0.895–1.160) | 0.779 |
| Acquired drug resistance (ADR) | n (%) | 95% CI | OR (95% CI) | p for trend (2001–2017) |
| Prot/RT sequence from ART-EP | ||||
| Total | 3848 (100.0%) | |||
| Any DRMs | 2657 (69.0%) | 67.6–70.5 | 0.867 (0.852–0.881) | <0.001 |
| NRTI resistance | 2225 (57.8%) | 56.2–59.4 | 0.854 (0.840–0.868) | <0.001 |
| NNRTI resistance | 1763 (45.8%) | 44.2–47.4 | 0.952 (0.938–0.967) | <0.001 |
| PI resistance | 909 (23.6%) | 22.3–25.0 | 0.822 (0.804–0.841) | <0.001 |
| Single class resistance | 798 (20.7%) | 19.0–22.0 | 1.022 (1.004–1.040) | 0.019 |
| Dual class resistance | 1478 (38.0%) | 37.0–40.0 | 0.908 (0.893–0.923) | <0.001 |
| PI + NRTI resistance | 449 (11.6%) | 10.6-12.7 | 0.813 (0.788–0.839) | <0.001 |
| PI + NNRTI resistance | 24 (0.6%) | 0.4–0.9 | 0.959 (0.870–1.058) | 0.405 |
| NRTI+NNRTI resistance | 1005 (26.0%) | 24.7–27.5 | 0.974 (0.957–0.990) | 0.002 |
| Triple class resistance | 381 (9.9%) | 9.0–10.9 | 0.840 (0.814–0.867) | <0.001 |