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Chemical structures of ursolic acid (ULA) (A) and ursonic acid (UNA) (B). The only difference between the two molecules is the functional group attached to the C-3 position of ULA and UNA. A β-hydroxy group is attached to the C-3 of ULA, while a keto group is attached to the C-3 position of UNA. This difference may lead to dissimilar bioactivities between ULA and UNA, as shown in several studies.
