Table 2.
Nested Cox-regression analysis models to evaluate the association of SMI with 4-year first fatal/non-fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) event in apparently healthy men and women of IKARIA study (n = 1141).
| Models | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 | Model 7 | Model 8 | Model 9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) |
HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |
| SMI tertiles | |||||||||
| 1st | Ref | ref | ref | ref | Ref | ref | ref | ref | ref |
| 2nd |
0.76 (0.43, 0.91) |
0.82
(0.52, 0.91) |
0.85 (0.52, 0.93) |
0.86
(0.40, 0.93) |
0.87 (0.45, 0.99) |
0.92 (0.52, 1.08) |
1.28 (0.61, 2.65) |
1.01 (0.52, 1.92) |
1.09 (0.51, 2.32) |
| 3rd |
0.70
(0.36, 0.86) |
0.74
(0.43, 0.86) |
0.75
(0.45, 0.82) |
0.78 (0.48, 0.85) |
0.83
(0.37, 0.95) |
0.89
(0.41, 0.99) |
1.31 (0.55, 3.12) |
0.83 (0.37, 1.88) |
0.99 (0.39, 2.48) |
| Age, per 1 year | - | 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) |
1.04 (1.03, 1.06) |
1.06 (1.03, 1.08) |
1.04 (1.02, 1.06) |
1.07 (1.00, 1.13) |
1.06 (1.02, 1.10) |
1.04 (1.02, 1.07) |
1.05 (1.01, 1.10) |
| Male sex | - | 1.74 (1.16, 2.59) |
1.75 (1.15, 2.67) |
1.76 (1.13, 2.74) |
2.10 (1.22, 3.59) |
1.99 (0.91, 4.33) |
1.70 (1.91, 3.17) |
2.41 (1.40, 4.15) |
1.80 (0.65, 5.01) |
| Waist circumference, per 1 cm | - | - | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) |
0.99 (0.97, 1.01) |
0.99 (0.97, 1.01) |
1.00 (0.95, 1.04) |
0.99 (0.96, 1.02) |
0.99 (0.96, 1.02) |
0.99 (0.96, 1.03) |
| Current smoking, y/n | - | - | - | 1.15 (0.69, 1.93) |
1.15 (0.69, 1.93) |
1.15 (0.69, 1.93) |
1.33 (0.63, 2.81) |
0.99 (0.53, 1.85) |
1.07 (0.48, 2.39) |
| Physical activity, y/n |
- | - | - | 0.87 (0.65, 1.23) |
0.87 (0.65, 1.23) |
0.87 (0.65, 1.23) |
0.99 (0.71, 2.14) |
0.97 (0.73, 1.31) |
0.89 (0.68, 1.31) |
| MedDietScore, per 1 unit (0–55) |
- | - | - | 0.96 (0.94, 1.02) |
0.96 (0.94, 1.02) |
0.96 (0.94, 1.02) |
0.99 (0.96, 1.05) |
0.97 (0.94, 1.02) |
0.96 (0.94, 1.02) |
| Diabetes mellitus, y/n | - | - | - | - | 1.81 (0.93, 3.52) |
2.12 (0.84, 5.33) |
1.55 (0.78, 3.07) |
1.71 (0.32, 3.18) |
1.44 (0.69, 3.01) |
| Hypertension, y/n | - | - | - | - | 1.31 (0.75, 2.29) |
1.34 (0.51, 3.17) |
1.01 (0.53, 1.92) |
1.41 (0.81, 2.47) |
1.34 (0.67, 2.68) |
| Family history of CVD, y/n | - | - | - | - | 1.55 (0.61, 1.79) |
1.57 (0.72, 3.45) |
1.34 (0.74, 2.42) |
1.01 (0.60, 1.70) |
1.19 (0.64, 2.21) |
| HDL-C, per 1 mg/dL |
- | - | - | - | 0.97 (0.95, 1.01) |
1.03 (0.95, 1.05) |
1.03 (0.96, 1.06) |
1.02 (0.99, 1.04) |
1.02 (0.99, 1.06) |
| TGL, per 1 mg/dL |
- | - | - | - | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) |
1.01 (0.99, 1.02) |
1.01 (0.99, 1.02) |
1.00 (0.99, 1.01) |
1.01 (0.99, 1.02) |
| HOMA-IR, per 1 unit |
- | - | - | - | - | 1.12 (1.02, 1.22) |
- | - | - |
| usCRP, per 1 mg/L |
- | - | - | - | - | 1.04 (1.02, 1.11) |
- | - | |
| White blood cells, per 1 count | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.20 (1.01, 1.48) |
- | - |
| Arterial distensibility, per 1000 mmHg−1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.90 (0.74, 0.96) |
- |
| Total testosterone, per 1 ng/dL |
- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) |
Hazard ratios and their corresponding confidence intervals were obtained through Cox regression analysis. Abbreviations: Hazard ratio (HR); High density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR); Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI); Triglycerides (TGL); ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (usCRP); White blood cells (WBC); yes/no (y/n); 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI). Bold indicates statistical significant outcomes, i.e., p-value < 0.05.