Table 3.
Sensitivity analysis to evaluate the association of SMI with 4-year first fatal/non-fatal CVD event in apparently healthy men and women of IKARIA study according to participants’ age and gender (n = 1141).
| Models | Standard Model | Standard Model Plus HOMA-IR | Standard Model Plus usCRP and WBC | Standard Model Plus Arterial Distensibility | Standard Model Plus Total Testosterone |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | HR (95%CI) | |
| Total sample excluding participants with age <65 years | |||||
| 2nd vs. 1st SMI tertile | 0.80 (0.45, 0.96) | 0.95 (0.36, 1.31) | 1.03 (0.59, 1.56) | 0.92 (0.45, 1.38) | 1.07 (0.52, 1.42) |
| 3rd vs. 1st SMI tertile | 1.20 (0.61, 2.35) | 1.15 (0.53, 2.53) | 1.29 (0.55, 3.06) | 1.33 (0.53, 3.38) | 1.13 (0.42, 2.71) |
| p for age interaction = 0.003 | |||||
| Men | |||||
| 2nd vs. 1st SMI tertile | 0.87 (0.56, 1.85) | 0.94 (0.30, 1.93) | 0.87 (0.30, 2.54) | 1.04 (0.43, 2.15) | 0.88 (0.29, 2.62) |
| 3rd vs. 1st SMI tertile | 0.64 (0.36, 0.99) | 0.74 (0.41, 0.98) | 0.58 (0.13, 0.89) | 0.84 (0.54, 1.42) | 0.59 (0.25, 1.55) |
| Women | |||||
| 2nd vs. 1st SMI tertile | 0.71 (0.33, 0.95) | 1.10 (0.34, 1.99) | 1.12 (0.36, 3.45) | 0.75 (0.19, 1.71) | 0.79 (0.40, 0.99) |
| 3rd vs. 1st SMI tertile | 1.42 (0.50, 4.03) | 1.10 (0.23, 4.31) | 1.91 (0.51, 4.66) | 1.52 (0.47, 4.91) | 1.89 (0.46, 4.76) |
| p for gender interaction = 0.01 | |||||
| Men excluding participants with age < 65 years | |||||
| 2nd vs. 1st SMI tertile | 0.92 (0.40, 1.07) | 1.03 (0.22, 1.89) | 1.21 (0.40, 3.71) | 1.19 (0.38, 3.80) | 0.99 (0.29, 1.35) |
| 3rd vs. 1st SMI tertile | 0.69 (0.51, 1.10) | 0.73 (0.65, 1.19) | 0.74 (0.46, 1.21) | 0.70 (0.51, 1.09) | 0.75 (0.42, 1.16) |
| Women excluding participants with age < 65 years | |||||
| 2nd vs. 1st SMI tertile | 0.59 (0.19, 0.89) | 0.58 (0.14, 0.86) | 0.89 (0.36, 1.50) | 0.63 (0.17, 1.09) | 0.53 (0.14, 1.05) |
| 3rd vs. 1st SMI tertile | 1.15 (0.45, 3.93) | 1.29 (0.67, 4.01) | 1.33 (0.68, 3.20) | 1.36 (0.46, 3.98) | 0.91 (0.30, 2.17) |
| p for gender and age interaction = 0.004 | |||||
Hazard ratios and their corresponding confidence intervals were obtained through Cox regression analysis. Standard model was adjusted for (age), (gender), smoking habits, MedDietScore, physical activity level, waist circumference, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, family history of cardiovascular disease, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Abbreviations: Hazard ratio (HR); Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR); Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI); ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein (usCRP); White blood cells (WBC); 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI). Bold indicates statistical significant outcomes, i.e., p-value < 0.05.