Table 1.
Animal characteristics at 18 weeks old.
| Control (N = 6) |
DM (N = 6) |
CKD (N = 6) |
CKD + DM (N = 6) |
CKD + DM + INS (N = 6) |
CKD + DM + APO (N = 6) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight (g) | 561 ± 9 | 432 ± 3a | 403 ± 20a | 286 ± 10a,b,c | 408 ± 8a,d | 298 ± 11a,b,c,e |
| SBP (mmHg) | 120 ± 3 | 131 ± 0a | 138 ± 1a | 146 ± 4a,b | 138 ± 2a | 138 ± 2a |
| Alb (g/dL) | 3.8 ± 0.1 | 3.1 ± 0.1a | 3.4 ± 0.1a | 2.7 ± 0.1a,b,c | 3.1 ± 0.1a,b | 2.7 ± 0.1a,b,c,e |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 18.1 ± 0.5 | 21.6 ± 0.6 | 39.2 ± 2.9a,b | 35.8 ± 1.0a,b | 40.5 ± 2.0a,b | 30.7 ± 2.5a,b,c,e |
| Ccr (mL/min) | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 5.9 ± 0.4a | 1.1 ± 0.1a,b | 2.0 ± 0.2a,b | 1.5 ± 0.1a,b | 2.4 ± 0.3a,b,c |
| Blood glucose (mg/dL) | 86 ± 3 | 360 ± 9a | 83 ± 3b | 407 ± 30a,c | 108 ± 16b,d | 341 ± 52a,c,e |
| HbA1c (%) | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 9.2 ± 0.4a | 3.3 ± 0.1b | 9.5 ± 0.3a,c | 3.8 ± 0.1b,d | 9.3 ± 0.6a,c,e |
| Ca (mg/dL) | 10.2 ± 0.1 | 9.4 ± 0.1 | 7.5 ± 0.3a,b | 7.5 ± 0.4a,b | 7.7 ± 0.3a,b | 7.8 ± 0.2a,b |
| P (mg/dL) | 8.3 ± 0.3 | 9.3 ± 0.1 | 16.3 ± 1.2a,b | 15.6 ± 0.7a,b | 15.5 ± 0.1a,b | 13.6 ± 1.2a,b |
| iPTH (pg/mL) | 974 ± 136 | 1357 ± 130 | 2937 ± 184a,b | 1762 ± 121a,c | 2914 ± 308a,b,d | 1962 ± 125a,c,e |
DM diabetes mellitus, CKD chronic kidney disease, INS insulin, APO apocynin, SBP systolic blood pressure, Alb albumin, BUN blood urea nitrogen, Ccr creatinine clearance, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, Ca calcium, P phosphate, iPTH intact parathyroid hormone.
aVersus Control group, P < 0.05.
bVersus DM group, P < 0.05.
cVersus CKD group, P < 0.05.
dVersus CKD + DM, P < 0.05.
eVersus CKD + DM + INS, P < 0.05.