Table 3.
General data and lab tests between clusters.
| All Patients n = 12,066 | C1 n = 8737 | C2 n = 1196 | C3 n = 880 | C4 n = 1253 | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age yr, median (IQR) | 68 (56–79) | 70 (57–80) | 61 (51–71) | 64 (52–75) | 67 (53–77) | <0.001 |
| Gender, males n (%) | 7052 (58.5) | 5303 (60.8) | 643 (53.8) | 507 (57.6) | 599 (47.9) | <0.001 |
| Race | ||||||
| Caucasian | 10,635 (89.5) | 7820 (90.9) | 1023 (86.7) | 738 (84.7) | 1054 (86) | |
| Black | 43 (0.4) | 35 (0.4) | 3 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 4 (0.3) | |
| Hispanic | 1041 (8.8) | 643 (7.5) | 137 (11.6) | 117 (13.4) | 144 (11.7) | <0.001 |
| Asian | 59 (0.5) | 41 (0.5) | 2 (0.2) | 6 (0.7) | 10 (0.8) | |
| Others | 100 (0.8) | 62 (9.7) | 15 (1.3) | 9 (1) | 14 (1.1) | |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 28 (25–31) | 28 (25–31) | 28 (25–31) | 28 (25–31) | 28 (25–31) | 0.426 |
| Days from onset to admission, median (IQR) | 7 (4–9) | 6 (3–9) | 8 (6–10) | 7 (4–10) | 7 (4–9) | <0.001 |
| Smoking behavior, n (%) | ||||||
| Never | 8035 (69.7) | 5761 (69.2) | 793 (68.7) | 587 (69.4) | 894 (74.3) | |
| Current smoker | 567 (4.9) | 414 (5) | 64 (5.5) | 41 (4.8) | 48 (4) | 0.027 |
| Former smoker | 2930 (25.4) | 2153 (25.9) | 297 (25.7) | 218 (25.8) | 262 (21.8) | |
| Comorbidity, n (%) | ||||||
| Arterial hypertension | 6030 (50) | 4571 (52.4) | 468 (39.1) | 386 (43.9) | 605 (48.4) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2309 (19.2) | 1774 (20.4) | 177 (14.8) | 156 (17.8) | 202 (16.2) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 4741 (39.4) | 3527 (40.4) | 420 (35.1) | 325 (37) | 469 (37.5) | 0.001 |
| COPD | 786 (6.5) | 649 (7.4) | 44 (3.7) | 43 (4.9) | 50 (4) | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 869 (7.2) | 630 (7.2) | 90 (7.5) | 57 (6.5) | 92 (7.4) | 0.827 |
| OSAS | 751 (6.3) | 574 (6.6) | 57 (4.8) | 48 (5.5) | 72 (5.8) | 0.057 |
| Ischemic cardiopathy | 931 (7.7) | 722 (8.3) | 49 (4.1) | 65 (7.4) | 95 (7.6) | <0.001 |
| Chronic heart failure | 809 (6.7) | 660 (7.6) | 41 (3.4) | 42 (4.8) | 66 (5.3) | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 696 (5.8) | 550 (6.3) | 36 (3) | 36 (4.1) | 74 (5.9) | <0.001 |
| Chronic hepatopathy | 440 (3.7) | 330 (3.8) | 46 (3.8) | 22 (2.5) | 42 (3.4) | <0.001 |
| Active cancer | 1196 (9.9) | 916 (10.5) | 94 (7.9) | 72 (8.2) | 114 (9.1) | 0.005 |
| Autoimmune disease | 277 (2.3) | 195 (2.2) | 33 (2.8) | 19 (2.2) | 30 (2.4) | 0.701 |
| Charlson’s index, median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0,1) | 0 (0,1) | 0 (0–2) | <0.001 |
| PaO2/FiO2 at admission, mmHg median (95%CI) | 294 (292–296) | 289 (287–292) | 311 (306–317) | 305 (298–312) | 301 (296–307) | <0.001 |
| Lab test upon admission, median (IQR) | ||||||
| Lymphocytes ×106/L | 910 (680–1280) | 900 (660–1270) | 1000 (700–1310) | 1000 (715–1300) | 900 (630–1210) | <0.001 |
| CRP mg/L | 74 (30–141) | 78 (30–146) | 69 (29–130) | 63 (26–135) | 66 (27–129) | <0.001 |
| LDH U/L | 329 (253-444) | 332 (255–450) | 309 (247–412) | 330 (248–446) | 331 (256–439) | <0.001 |
| ALT U/L | 30 (19-47) | 29 (19–46) | 32 (21–52) | 31 (21–49) | 30 (20–48) | <0.001 |
| Ferritin mcg/L | 655 (324-1281) | 669 (330–1320) | 634 (291–1172) | 587 (310–1167) | 620 (326–1265) | 0.051 |
| D-dimer ng/mL | 654 (370-1204) | 680 (382–1290) | 594 (346–980) | 595 (347–1023) | 608 (350–1152) | <0.001 |
BMI: body mass index. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. OSAS: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. ALT: alanine transaminase. CRP: C-reactive protein. LDH: lactate dehydrogenase. IQR: interquartile range.