Table 6.
Risk factors of in-hospital mortality.
| Univariate Analysis OR (95%CI) | p-Value | Multivariate Analysis * OR (95%CI) | p-Value | Multivariate Analysis ** OR (95%CI) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age/year | 1.09 (1.09–1.10) | <0.001 | 1.08 (1.07–1.08) | <0.001 | 1.09 (1.07–1.09) | <0.001 |
| Gender (female) | 0.78 (0.71–0.86) | <0.001 | 0.64 (0.59–0.70) | <0.001 | 0.62 (0.51–0.75) | <0.001 |
| BMI | 1.02 (1.01–1.04) | <0.001 | 1.04 (1.03–1.05) | <0.001 | 1.04 (1.03–1.06) | <0.001 |
| Clusters | ||||||
| C1 | 1 ref. | 1 ref. | 1 ref. | |||
| C2 | 0.14 (0.11–0.19) | <0.001 | 0.22 (0.18–0.27) | <0.001 | 0.22 (0.14–0.34) | <0.001 |
| C3 | 0.54 (0.45–0.66) | <0.001 | 0.57 (0.48–0.67) | <0.001 | 0.56 (0.37–0.83) | 0.004 |
| C4 | 0.72 (0.62–0.84) | <0.001 | 1.15 (1.01–1.31) | 0.035 | 1.15 (0.85–1.54) | 0.362 |
| Comorbidity | ||||||
| Arterial hypertension | 3.07 (2.79–3.38) | <0.001 | 1.13 (1.04–1.23) | 0.006 | NS | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2.07 (1.87–2.29) | <0.001 | NS | NS | ||
| Hyperlipidemia | 1.80 (1.64–1.96) | <0.001 | NS | NS | ||
| COPD | 2.82 (2.43–3.27) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.21–1.53) | <0.001 | 1.36 (1.04–1.78) | 0.024 |
| Ischemic cardiopathy | 2.67 (2.32–3.07) | <0.001 | 1.19 (1.06–1.34) | 0.005 | NS | |
| Chronic heart failure | 3.74 (3.23–4.32) | <0.001 | 1.16 (1.02–1.32) | 0.027 | NS | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 3.18 (2.72–3.72) | <0.001 | NS | NS | ||
| Chronic hepatopathy | 1.57 (1.27–1.94) | <0.001 | 1.20 (1.00–1.44) | 0.048 | NS | |
| Active cancer | 2.23 (1.96–2.53) | <0.001 | NS | NS | ||
| Charlson’s index | 1.37 (1.34–1.41) | <0.001 | 1.18 (1.15–1.20) | <0.001 | 1.20 (1.14–1.25) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate upon admission | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.278 | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | <0.001 | ||
| Respiratory rate upon admission > 20 bpm | 4.48 (4.08–4.92) | <0.001 | 2.88 (2.66–3.11) | <0.001 | 3.09 (2.59–3.70) | <0.001 |
| PaO2/FiO2 upon admission | 0.99 (0.99–0.99) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.99–0.99) | <0.001 | 0.99 (0.99–0.99) | <0.001 |
| Lab test upon admission | ||||||
| Lymphocytes ×106/L | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | 0.768 | NS | |||
| CRP mg/L | 1.01 (1.01.1.01) | <0.001 | 1.01 (1.01.1.01) | <0.001 | NS | |
| LDH U/L | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | <0.001 | 1.01 (1.01.1.01) | <0.001 | 1.01 (1.01–1.01) | <0.001 |
| ALT U/L | 1.00 (0.99–1.00) | 0.792 | NS | |||
| Ferritin mcg/L | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | <0.001 | NS | NS | ||
| D–dimer ng/mL | 1.00 (1.00–1.00) | <0.001 | NS | NS | ||
| Treatments during admission | ||||||
| Remdesivir | 1.16 (0.64–2.12) | 0.623 | NS | |||
| Tocilizumab | 1.24 (1.07–1.43) | 0.004 | 1.66 (1.47–1.88) | <0.001 | 1.71 (1.29–2.25) | <0.001 |
| Corticosteroids | 2.06 (1.89–2.26) | <0.001 | 1.21 (1.11–1.31) | <0.001 | 1.24 (1.04–1.49) | 0.020 |
BMI: body mass index. COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. ALT: alanine transaminase. CRP: C-reactive protein. LDH: lactate dehydrogenase. NS: non-significant. * All variables included. ** Only variables with p < 0.10 in the univariate analysis included.