Table 1.
Toxorhynchites species used successfully as biological control agents.
| Species (Subgenus) |
Geographical Range | Oviposition Preferences | Target Species | Examples of Successful Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Tx. splendens
(Toxorhynchites) |
Asia, Oceania | Artificial containers Tree holes Cut bamboo Leaf axils |
Ae. aegypti
Ae. albopictus Cx. quinquefasciatus |
[133,134,135,136] |
|
Tx. amboinensis
(Toxorhynchites) |
Asia, Oceania, North America | Artificial containers Tree holes Cut bamboo Leaf axils |
Ae. polynesiensis
Ae. aegypti |
[137,138,139,140] |
|
Tx. rutilus rutilus
(Lynchiella) |
North America | Artificial containers Tree holes Bromeliads |
Ae. aegypti
Cx. quinquefasciatus |
[50,141,142] |
|
Tx. brevipalpis
(Toxorhynchites) |
Africa | Artificial containers Leaf axils Tree holes |
Ae. aegypti | [49,143] |
|
Tx. brevipalpis conradti
(Toxorhynchites) |
Africa | Artificial containers Leaf axils Tree holes |
Ae. africanus | [144] |
|
Tx. moctezuma
(Lynchiella) |
Central America | Tree holes Cut bamboo |
Ae. aegypti | [145,146,147] |