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. 2020 Oct 30;11(11):747. doi: 10.3390/insects11110747

Table 1.

Toxorhynchites species used successfully as biological control agents.

Species
(Subgenus)
Geographical Range Oviposition Preferences Target Species Examples of Successful Application
Tx. splendens
(Toxorhynchites)
Asia, Oceania Artificial containers
Tree holes
Cut bamboo
Leaf axils
Ae. aegypti
Ae. albopictus
Cx. quinquefasciatus
[133,134,135,136]
Tx. amboinensis
(Toxorhynchites)
Asia, Oceania, North America Artificial containers
Tree holes
Cut bamboo
Leaf axils
Ae. polynesiensis
Ae. aegypti
[137,138,139,140]
Tx. rutilus rutilus
(Lynchiella)
North America Artificial containers
Tree holes
Bromeliads
Ae. aegypti
Cx. quinquefasciatus
[50,141,142]
Tx. brevipalpis
(Toxorhynchites)
Africa Artificial containers
Leaf axils
Tree holes
Ae. aegypti [49,143]
Tx. brevipalpis conradti
(Toxorhynchites)
Africa Artificial containers
Leaf axils
Tree holes
Ae. africanus [144]
Tx. moctezuma
(Lynchiella)
Central America Tree holes
Cut bamboo
Ae. aegypti [145,146,147]