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. 2020 Nov 26;10:20698. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-77652-4

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Figure. 8 — Schematic illustration of dopaminergic neuroprotective mechanisms of mirtazapine. Mirtazapine promotes the 5-HT release from serotonergic neuron by blocking adrenergic α2 receptors. Mirtazapine inhibits 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor on astrocytes, which leads to selective 5-HT1A receptor stimulation and MT induction in astrocytes. MTs secreted from astrocytes attenuate oxidative stress and consequently protect dopaminergic neurons.