Table 1.
Levels of 15 significant metabolites in serum from Con, EtOH, MWF50, 100, 200, and Sily200 groups. MWF, mealworm fermentation extract.
| No. | Metabolite | Concentration (μg/Serum of 50 μL) | Normalized Value a | p-Value b | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Con | EtOH | MWF 50 |
MWF 100 |
MWF 200 |
Sily 200 |
EtOH | MWF 50 |
MWF 100 |
MWF 200 |
Sily 200 |
ANOVA | FDR c | ||
| 7 | Proline | 1.65 ± 0.43 | 1.28 ± 0.24 | 1.28 ± 0.28 | 1.20 ± 0.24 | 1.07 ± 0.22 | 1.27 ± 0.23 | 0.78 | 0.78 | 0.73 | 0.65 | 0.77 | 0.005 | 0.019 |
| 9 | Pyroglutamic acid | 0.47 ± 0.13 | 0.62 ± 0.28 | 0.90 ± 0.21 | 1.33 ± 1.14 | 0.98 ± 0.34 | 1.01 ± 0.22 | 1.32 | 1.92 | 2.85 | 2.09 | 2.16 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| 13 | Phenylalanine | 0.67 ± 0.27 | 1.15 ± 0.35 | 0.85 ± 0.20 | 1.16 ± 0.41 | 1.30 ± 0.27 | 1.07 ± 0.49 | 1.73 | 1.28 | 1.74 | 1.95 | 1.60 | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| 17 | Acetoacetic acid | 0.44 ± 0.27 | 1.18 ± 0.61 | 1.11 ± 0.45 | 1.06 ± 0.55 | 0.97 ± 0.29 | 0.95 ± 0.46 | 2.66 | 2.52 | 2.40 | 2.20 | 2.15 | 0.007 | 0.023 |
| 21 | 3-Hydroxypropionic acid | 0.30 ± 0.14 | 0.39 ± 0.12 | 0.55 ± 0.18 | 0.57 ± 0.14 | 0.59 ± 0.16 | 0.67 ± 0.11 | 1.31 | 1.88 | 1.94 | 2.01 | 2.25 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| 22 | 3-Hydroxybutyric acid | 0.26 ± 0.17 | 1.67 ± 0.70 | 3.53 ± 2.62 | 3.58 ± 1.60 | 4.59 ± 1.83 | 4.79 ± 1.87 | 6.48 | 13.67 | 13.87 | 17.77 | 18.53 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 25 | Oxaloacetic acid | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.05 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | 2.62 | 2.36 | 2.30 | 2.03 | 1.82 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| 26 | α-Ketoglutaric acid | 0.20 ± 0.04 | 0.39 ± 0.10 | 0.31 ± 0.08 | 0.34 ± 0.12 | 0.33 ± 0.14 | 0.32 ± 0.10 | 1.94 | 1.55 | 1.71 | 1.67 | 1.60 | 0.005 | 0.019 |
| 34 | Tetradecanoic acid (C14:0) | 0.10 ± 0.03 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.07 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.02 | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.59 | 0.63 | 0.75 | 0.68 | 0.59 | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| 40 | Octadecanoic acid (C18:0) | 7.56 ± 0.62 | 7.48 ± 0.68 | 8.10 ± 1.00 | 8.68 ± 0.94 | 8.17 ± 0.83 | 9.45 ± 1.27 | 0.99 | 1.07 | 1.15 | 1.08 | 1.25 | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| 44 | Eicosanoic acid (C20:0) | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.04 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | 1.18 | 1.20 | 1.28 | 1.15 | 1.08 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| 45 | Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6) | 2.32 ± 0.57 | 2.12 ± 0.34 | 2.41 ± 0.68 | 2.52 ± 0.53 | 2.65 ± 0.65 | 3.36 ± 0.70 | 0.91 | 1.04 | 1.09 | 1.14 | 1.45 | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| 47 | Erucic acid (C22:1) | 0.01 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.90 | 1.44 | 1.51 | 0.98 | 0.86 | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| 48 | Docosanoic acid (C22:0) | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 1.19 | 1.07 | 1.01 | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| 50 | Tetracosanoic acid (C24:0) | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.00 | 1.04 | 1.03 | 1.25 | 1.05 | 1.04 | 0.003 | 0.013 |
a Values normalized to corresponding control mean values. b ANOVA at 95% confidence level. c False Discovery Rate.