TABLE 1.
PGPR produced elicitors of systemic resistance.
| Elicitor | Strain | Plant | Pathogen | Method | References |
| Acyl-homoserine lactones | |||||
| Precise structure not defined | Serratia liquefaciens MG1 | Tomato | Alternaria alternata | Mutant | Schuhegger et al., 2006 |
| oxo-C14-HSL | Arabidopsis Barley | P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 Golovinomyces orontii Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei | Pure 6 μM | Schikora et al., 2011 | |
| Arabidopsis | P. syringae pv tomato DC3000 | Pure 6 μM | Schenk et al., 2012 | ||
| Sinorhizobium meliloti Rm2011 | Arabidopsis | P. syringae pv tomato | Mutant | Zarkani et al., 2013 | |
| Sinorhizobium meliloti | Barley Wheat Tomato | Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Phytophthora infestans | Mutant | Hernández-Reyes et al., 2014 | |
| Cyclic lipopeptides | |||||
| Surfactin | Bacillus subtilis 168 | Bean Tomato | Botrytis cinerea | Mutant, pure 5 μM | Ongena et al., 2007 |
| B. subtilis UMAF6639 | Melon | Podosphaera fusca | Mutant, Mutant + pure, pure 10 μM | García-Gutiérrez et al., 2013 | |
| B. amyloliquefaciens S499/FZB42/QST713, B. subtilis 98S/BNO1, Paenibacillus polymyxa 56 | Tomato | B. cinerea | SRF-producing strains, pure 10 μM | Cawoy et al., 2014 | |
| B. amyloliquefaciens S13-3 | Strawberry | Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | Pure 50 μM | Yamamoto et al., 2015 | |
| B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42-AK3 | Lolium perenne L. | Magnaporthe oryzae | Semi-purified ∼250, ∼500 μM | Rahman et al., 2015 | |
| B. subtilis | Peanut | Sclerotium rolfsii | Pure 5, 10 μM | Rodríguez et al., 2018 | |
| B. amyloliquefaciens S499 | Wheat | Zymoseptoria tritici | Pure 1, 10, 100 μM | Le Mire et al., 2018 | |
| B. subtilis BBG131/BBG125/Bs2504 | idem | idem | Pure surfactin + mycosubtilin 100 μM, 50/50 | Mejri et al., 2018 | |
| Mycosubtilin | idem | idem | idem | Pure ∼100 μM | same study |
| Fengycin | B. amyloliquefaciens FZB42 | Tomato | S. sclerotiorum | Pure ∼60 μM | Farzand et al., 2019 |
| Iturin | B. amyloliquefaciens S13-3 | Strawberry | Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | Pure 10 μM | Yamamoto et al., 2015 |
| B. amyloliquefaciens 41B-1 | Cotton | Verticillium dahliae | Pure 50 μM | Han et al., 2015 | |
| Arabidopsis | C. gloeosporioides | Pure 10 μM | Kawagoe et al., 2015 | ||
| B. vallismortis EXTN-1 | Chili pepper | Phytophthora capsici | Pure 1, 10 μM | Park et al., 2016 | |
| Massetolide A | Pseudomonas fluorescens SS101 | Tomato | P. infestans | Mutant, pure ∼ 45, 90 μM | Tran et al., 2007 |
| Orfamide | Pseudomonas sp. CMR12a | Brassica chinensis Bean | R. solani AG 2-1 R. solani AG 4-HGI | Mutant | Olorunleke et al., 2015 |
| Pseudomonas sp. CMR12a | Bean | R. solani AG2-2 | Mutant, pure 1–100 nM | Ma et al., 2016 | |
| Pseudomonas sp. CMR12a | Rice | Cochliobolus miyabeanus | Mutant, pure 25 μM | Ma et al., 2017 | |
| Sessilin | Pseudomonas sp. CMR12a | Bean | R. solani AG 2-2 R. solani AG 4-HGI | Mutant | D’aes et al., 2011 |
| Pseudomonas sp. CMR12a | Brassica chinensis Bean | R. solani AG 2-1 R. solani AG 4-HGI | Mutant | Olorunleke et al., 2015 | |
| Pseudomonas sp. CMR12a | Bean | R. solani AG2-2 | Mutant, crude extract 1, 10 μg/L | Ma et al., 2016 | |
| Lokisin | Pseudomonas sp. COR10 | Rice | M. oryzae | Crude extract 25 μg/ml, one CLP-producing strains | Omoboye et al., 2019 |
| WLIP | Pseudomonas sp. COW10 | idem | idem | Idem | same study |
| Entolysin | Pseudomonas sp. COR5 | idem | idem | Idem | same study |
| Rhamnolipids | |||||
| P. aeruginosa | Grapevine | B. cinerea | Pure ∼150 μM | Varnier et al., 2009 | |
| P. aeruginosa | Arabidopsis | P. syringae pv tomato, Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis, B. cinerea | Pure ∼300 μM | Sanchez et al., 2012 | |
| P. aeruginosa | Brassica napus | B. cinerea | Pure 10, 100 μM | Monnier et al., 2018 | |
| N-alkylated benzylamine derivative | |||||
| NABD | P. putida BTP1 | Bean | B. cinerea | Mutant, pure 0.2 μM | Ongena et al., 2005 |
| P. putida BTP1 | Bean Cucumber | B. cinerea Colletotrichum lagenarium | Pure 1 μM | Ongena et al., 2008 | |
| Siderophores | |||||
| Pyoverdine | P. fluorescens CHA0 | Tobacco | Tobacco necrosis virus (TNV) | Mutant | Maurhofer et al., 1994 |
| P. fluorescens WCS374 | Radish | Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani | Mutant, pure 70 μg/root | Leeman et al., 1996 | |
| P. putida WCS358 | Tomato Bean Arabidopsis | Colletotrichum lindemuthianum B. cinerea P. syringae pv. tomato | Mutant, Pure 3.02 μg pyoverdine/g soil | Meziane et al., 2005 | |
| P. putida WCS358r | Eucalyptus urophylla | Ralstonia solanacearum | Mutant, pure 10–100 μg/ml | Ran et al., 2005 | |
| P. fluorescens WCS374r | Rice | M. oryzae | Mutant, pure 70 μg per root | De Vleesschauwer et al., 2008 | |
| Salicylic acid | P. aeruginosa 7NSK2 | Bean | B. cinerea | Pure 100 nM | De Meyer et al., 1999 |
| P. aeruginosa 7NSK2 | Grapevine | B. cinerea | Mutant | Verhagen et al., 2010 | |
| Pyochelin + SA/pyoverdine | P. aeruginosa 7NSK2 | Tomato | B. cinerea | Mutant | Audenaert et al., 2002 |
| Elicitors with antibiotic function | |||||
| DAPG | P. fluorescens CHA0 | Tomato | Meloidogyne javanica | Mutant | Siddiqui and Shaukat, 2003 |
| P. fluorescens CHA0 | Arabidopsis | Peronospora parasitica | Mutant, pure 10, 100 μM | Iavicoli et al., 2003 | |
| P. fluorescens Q2-87 | Arabidopsis | P. syringae pv. tomato | Mutant, pure 10–250 μM | Weller et al., 2012 | |
| Arabidopsis | P. syringae pv. tomato B. cinerea | Pure 10, 100, 200 μM | Chae et al., 2020 | ||
| Phenazine | Pseudomonas sp. CMR12a | Bean | R. solani AG 2-2 R. solani AG 4- HGI | Mutant | D’aes et al., 2011 |
| Pseudomonas sp. CMR12a | Brassica chinensis Bean | R. solani AG 2-1 R. solani AG 4-HGI. | Mutant | Olorunleke et al., 2015 | |
| Pseudomonas sp. CMR12a | Rice Bean | R. solani AG2-2 | Mutant pure 0.1, 1 μM | Ma et al., 2016 | |
| Volatile organic compounds | |||||
| 2,3-butanediol | B. subtilis GB03, B. amyloliquefaciens IN937a | Arabidopsis | Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora | Mutant | Ryu et al., 2004 |
| P. chlororaphis O6 | Tobacco | E. carotovora | Pure 100 μg/root | Han et al., 2006 | |
| Pepper | Cucumber mosaic virus, Tobacco mosaic virus, Pepper mottle virus, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, Tomato spotted wilt virus | Pure 1, 5, 10 mM | Kong et al., 2018 | ||
| Enterobacter aerogenes | Maize | Setosphaeria turcica | Pure 22 mM | D’Alessandro et al., 2014 | |
| 3-pentanol | B. amyloliquefaciens IN937a | Pepper | Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vesicatoria | Pure 10 μM, 1 mM | Choi et al., 2014 |
| B. subtilis GB03 | Arabidopsis | P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 | Pure 100 nM, 10 μM | Song et al., 2015 | |
| Tridecane | Paenibacillus polymyxa E681 | Arabidopsis | Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 | Pure 100 μM | Lee et al., 2012 |
| Hexadecane | Paenibacillus polymyxa E681 | Arabidopsis | P. syringae pv maculicola, Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum | Pure 1, 100 μM | Park et al., 2013 |
Abbreviations: oxo-C14-HSL, N,N-dimethyl-N- tetradecyl-N-benzylammonium; NABD, N,N-dimethyl-N- tetradecyl-N-benzylammonium; DAPG, 2,4-diacetyl phloroglucinol.