Figure 2.

A769662, but not metformin, reverses the NaIO₃-induced cytotoxicity. Cells were pretreated with metformin (3 mM, 6 mM) (A), A769662 (30 μM) (B) or NAC (3, 10 mM) (C) followed by NaIO₃ stimulation in different concentrations for 18 h. Cell viability was determined by Annexin V/PI staining using flow cytometry. (D,E) Cells were pretreated with metformin (6 mM) or A769662 (30 μM) prior to NaIO₃ stimulation. Cytosolic H₂O₂ (D) and cytosolic O₂⁻ (E) were measured by using DCFDA and DHE, respectively. Data were mean ± SEM from three independent experiments * p < 0.05, indicating the significant effects of NaIO₃ to induce cell death and ROS production. ^# p < 0.05, indicating the significant effects of metformin, A769662 and NAC on the response of NaIO₃. ** p < 0.05, indicating the significant combinational effects of NAC and A769662 on the response of NaIO₃.