Table 1.
Preoperative characteristics of participants and tourniquet time in the control and LST groups
| All participants | Matched participants | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control (n = 127) | LST (n = 46) | SMD | Control (n = 41) | LST (n = 41) | SMD | |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 74 (68, 79) | 71 (66, 75) | 0.06 | 71 (66, 75) | 71 (67, 75) | 0.00 |
| Male, n (%) | 40 (31) | 4 (9) | 0.59 | 5 (12) | 4 (10) | 0.08 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 26 (23, 28) | 25 (23, 28) | 0.02 | 26 (24, 29) | 25 (23, 28) | 0.00 |
| Current medical history, n (%) | ||||||
| Heart disease | 15 (12) | 3 (7) | 0.18 | 2 (5) | 3 (7) | 0.10 |
| Diabetes | 24 (19) | 8 (17) | 0.04 | 8 (20) | 8 (20) | 0.00 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 51 (40) | 20 (43) | 0.07 | 18 (44) | 18 (44) | 0.00 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 1 (1) | 2 (4) | 0.23 | 0 (0) | 2 (5) | 0.32 |
| KL grade 3 of surgical knee, n (%) | 14 (12) | 5 (11) | 0.00 | 4 (10) | 5 (12) | 0.08 |
| Contralateral knee, n (%) | ||||||
| OA and TKA, n (%) | 102 (80) | 38 (83) | 0.06 | 32 (78) | 33 (80) | 0.06 |
| Quadriceps strength, median (IQR) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.7) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) | 0.05 | 1.3 (1.1, 1.7) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) | 0.01 |
| T-handle cane usage, n (%) | 7 (6) | 1 (2) | 0.17 | 0 (0) | 1 (2) | 0.22 |
| SCT (s), median (IQR) | 24 (16, 34) | 20 (14, 25) | 0.03 | 21 (17, 31) | 22 (16, 27) | 0.01 |
| JKOM (points), median (IQR) | 37 (25, 49) | 32 (25, 45) | 0.01 | 36 (32, 46) | 34 (27, 48) | 0.00 |
| Tourniquet time (min), median (IQR) | 58 (54, 66) | 56 (52, 67) | 0.01 | 56, (53, 63) | 56 (52, 65) | 0.01 |
Preoperative characteristics and tourniquet time between the groups were compared using standardized mean differences. Abbreviations: LST low-intensity resistance exercise with slow movement and tonic force generation, SMD standardized mean difference, IQR interquartile range, BMI body mass index, KL Kellgren and Lawrence, OA osteoarthritis, TKA total knee arthroplasty, SCT stair climb test, JKOM Japanese Knee Osteoarthritis Measure