Table 2.

Performance assessments of direct estimation and multiple imputation for varying number of replicates based on 100 simulated data sets

	Direct estimation						Multiple imputation
	Bias			MSE			Bias			MSE
	k=4
$\theta$	− 0.024	0.005	0.031	0.112	0.171	0.225	− 0.024	0.004	0.029	0.113	0.170	0.232
${\sigma }_{\theta }^2$	− 0.002	0.000	0.003	0.001	0.003	0.006	− 0.045	−  0.019	0.030	0.001	0.002	0.005
	k=6
$\theta$	− 0.024	0.003	0.025	0.072	0.114	0.156	− 0.024	0.003	0.023	0.072	0.114	0.155
${\sigma }_{\theta }^2$	− 0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.001	− 0.02	−  0.001	0.014	0.000	0.001	0.004
	k=10
$\theta$	− 0.014	0.003	0.020	0.044	0.069	0.089	− 0.015	0.002	0.017	0.044	0.069	0.090
${\sigma }_{\theta }^2$	0.000	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	− 0.008	0.003	0.024	0.000	0.000	0.002

The 25th (left), 50th (center), and 75th (right) quantiles of the bias and MSE are reported