Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population.
| Characteristic | Full cohort (n = 159) | Tubeless group (n = 81) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control group (n = 78) | Tubeless group (n = 81) | P | Partially tubeless group (n = 30) | Completely tubeless Group (n = 51) | P | |
| Age, year, mean ± SD | <0.001 | 0.113 | ||||
| 55.32 ± 8.44 | 49.96 ± 9.89 | 52.43 ± 11.61 | 48.51 ± 8.51 | |||
| Gender, n (%) | 0.023 | 0.804 | ||||
| Male | 36 (46.2) | 23 (28.4) | 9 (30.0) | 14 (27.5) | ||
| Female | 42 (53.8) | 58 (71.6) | 21 (70.0) | 37 (72.5) | ||
| Side of operation, n (%) | 0.596 | 0.782 | ||||
| Left | 36 (46.2) | 34 (42.0) | 12 (40.0) | 22 (43.1) | ||
| Right | 42 (53.8) | 47 (58.0) | 18 (60.0) | 29 (56.9) | ||
| Diabetes, n (%) | 1.000 | 0.525 | ||||
| Yes | 2 (2.6) | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.9) | ||
| No | 76 (97.4) | 79 (97.5) | 30 (100.0) | 49 (96.1) | ||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1.000 | 0.394 | ||||
| Yes | 14 (17.9) | 15 (18.5) | 7 (23.3) | 8 (15.7) | ||
| No | 64 (82.1) | 66 (81.5) | 23 (76.7) | 43 (84.3) | ||
| Surgical type, n (%) | 0.515 | 0.247 | ||||
| Lobectomy | 39 (50.0) | 39 (48.1) | 14 (46.7) | 25 (49.0) | ||
| Segmentectomy | 7 (9.0) | 4 (4.9) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (7.8) | ||
| Wedge resection | 32 (41.0) | 38 (47.0) | 16 (53.3) | 22 (43.2) | ||
| Intraoperative blood loss (mL), mean ± SD | 0.881 | 0.285 | ||||
| 67.27 ± 29.99 | 66.44 ± 21.54 | 69.53 ± 21.89 | 64.63 ± 21.34 | |||
| Pathological diagnosis, n (%) | 0.425 | 0.418 | ||||
| Malignance | 65 (83.3) | 63 (77.8) | 25 (83.3) | 38 (74.5) | ||
| Benign disease | 13 (16.7) | 18 (22.2) | 5 (16.7) | 13 (25.5) | ||
| Diameter of tumor (cm), mean ± SD | 0.610 | 0.454 | ||||
| 1.50 ± 1.14 | 1.31 ± 0.84 | 1.21 ± 0.81 | 1.39 ± 0.86 | |||
| Lymph node dissection, n (%) | 0.365 | 0.307 | ||||
| Yes | 61 (78.2) | 58 (71.6) | 24 (80.0) | 34 (66.7) | ||
| No | 17 (21.8) | 23 (28.4) | 6 (20.0) | 17 (33.3) | ||
SD, standard deviation. The italic “n” indicates number of patients.