In vivo tumor suppression by combinational treatment of irreversible electroporation (IRE) and STING agonist in the LLC tumor model. (a) Digital photograph of two-needle electrodes injected into LLC tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice. The black arrow indicates the electrode. (b) In vivo experimental schedule for the combination treatment of IRE (voltage: 1000 V, pulse duration: 100 μs, pulses: 40) with STING agonist (RR-CDA, 10 μg) after the inoculation of LLC cells into C57BL/6 mice. The IRE and STING agonists were treated at the described time points. (c) Mean change in tumor growth of mice after combinational treatment with IRE and STING agonists (n = 5, * p < 0.05, **** p < 0.00005). (d) In vivo individual tumor growth curve after the combinational treatment of IRE with STING agonists (n = 5 for each group). (e) Digital photographs of tumors extracted after treatment for each group. (f) Mean change in body weight of mice during treatment for each group (n = 5).