Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of all patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), patients with LVH and confirmed etiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (LVH+ HCM+) and patients with LVH and a mimicking cardiomyopathy state (LVH+ HCM–).
| LVH+HCM+ | LVH+HCM– | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients | HCM | All LVH+HCM– | CA | AFD | HTNcm | |||
| Parameter | (N = 163) | (N = 85) | (N = 78) | (N = 18) | (N = 30) | (N = 30) | p-Value | AUC (95% CI) |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||||||
| Age, years | 52.7 ± 14.7 | 50.0 ± 11.3 | 55.7 ± 17.4** | 66.8 ± 16.4**** | 45.1 ± 16.2 | 59.6 ± 13.1*** | <0.0001 | 0.63 (0.59 –0.67) |
| Female, n (%) | 67 (41) | 37 (47) | 30 (35) | 4 (22) | 19 (63)** | 14 (47) | – | – |
| BSA (m2) | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.3** | 2.0 ± 0.3 | 1.9 ± 0.2*** | 2.0 ± 0.3 | <0.005 | 0.63 (0.53–0.74) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 67 (41) | 36 (46) | 31 (36) | 5 (29) | 3 (12)* | 28 (93) | – | – |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 25 (15) | 14 (18) | 11 (13) | 2 (12) | 2 (8) | 10 (33) | – | – |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 19 (12) | 9 (12) | 10 (12) | 1 (6) | 2 (7) | 6 (20) | – | – |
| Smoking, n (%) | 62 (38) | 27 (35) | 35 (41) | 6 (33) | 16 (53) | 5 (17)* | – | – |
| ECG parameters | ||||||||
| LBBB, n (%) | 11 (7) | 4 (5) | 7 (8) | 2 (11) | 0 (0) | 2 (7) | – | – |
| QRS duration (ms) | 99.3 ± 17.4 | 98.3 ± 16.6 | 100.9 ± 18.7 | 102.4 ± 24.3 | 105.1 ± 15.1 | 96.2 ± 14.2 | – | – |
| NYHA functional class | ||||||||
| Class I, n (%) | 47 (29) | 25 (32) | 22 (26) | 8 (44) | 7 (23) | 10 (33) | – | – |
| Class II, n (%) | 26 (16) | 13 (17) | 13 (15) | 4 (22) | 5 (17) | 4 (13) | – | – |
| Class III, n (%) | 18 (11) | 8 (10) | 10 (12) | 3 (17) | 0 (0) | 5 (17) | – | – |
| Class IV, n (%) | 3 (2) | 2 (3) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | 1 (3) | – | – |
| Medications | ||||||||
| ACE inhibitors or ARB, n (%) | 52 (32) | 31 (40) | 21 (25)* | 7 (39) | 7 (23) | 17 (57)** | – | 0.56 (0.45–0.67) |
| Amiodarone, n (%) | 4 (2) | 2 (3) | 2 (2) | 1 (6) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | – | – |
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 71 (44) | 26 (33) | 45 (53)* | 3 (17)** | 6 (20)** | 17 (57) | – | 0.60 (0.53–0.67) |
| Digoxin, n (%) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (3) | – | |
| Diuretic, n (%) | 39 (24) | 25 (32) | 14 (16)* | 11 (61)*** | 4 (13) | 10 (33) | – | 0.58 (0.55–0.61) |
| Statin, n (%) | 51 (31) | 23 (29) | 28 (33) | 5 (28) | 4 (13) | 14 (47) | – | – |
AFD, Anderson–Fabry disease; BSA, body surface area; ECG, electrocardiogram; CA, cardiac amyloidosis; HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; HTNcm, hypertensive hypertrophy; LVH, left-ventricular hypertrophy; LBBB, left bundle branch block; NYHA, New York Heart Association.
Vs. HCM:
*
<0.05.
**
<0.01.
***
<0.001.
****
<0.0001.
Bold values are used for specific headers or p-Values lower than 0.05 (i.e. statistical significance).