Table 4.
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder prevalence among disordered eating.
| Population | Country | Children- Adolescents |
Adults | ADHD Instruments | N | Mean Age (SD) (Years) | Gender Female (%) | Disordered Eating | Disordered Eating | Non Disordered Eating | Statistics | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | ADHD Symptoms Prevalence (%) | n | ADHD Symptoms Prevalence (%) | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Intervals | p | |||||||||
| General population | |||||||||||||||
| [114] | Spain | x | K-SADS | 962 | DNS (12–16) | 47.8 | ED | 11 | 31.4 | 80 | 8.4 | 5.03 | 2.37–10.64 | ||
| [116] | Korea | x | K-ARS | 16,831 | 9.29 (1.71) | 50.2 | Every day overeating | 68 | 21.1 | - | - | ||||
| [115] | Iran | x | K-SADS PL | 27,111 | DNS (6–18) | 48.6 | Lifetime ED | - | 7.6 | - | 3.9 | 0.026 | |||
| [118] | USA | x | CIDI | 1686 | DNS (18–44) | 100 | Lifetime any ED | 18 | 21.9 | 75 | 5.7 | 4.51 | 2.01–10.15 b | ||
| Past 12-month any ED | 10 | 30.6 | 83 | 6.1 | 7.11 | 2.61–19.39 b | |||||||||
| Lifetime BED | 8 | 17.1 | 85 | 6.3 | 3.01 | 1.14–7.95 b | |||||||||
| Past 12-month BED | 4 | 19.3 | 89 | 6.5 | 3.57 | 1.06–12.09 b | |||||||||
| Lifetime BN | 10 | 33.2 | 83 | 6.1 | 7.93 | 2.75–22.85 b | |||||||||
| Past 12-month BN | 6 | 56.7 | 87 | 6.3 | 21.15 | 3.76–118-98 b | |||||||||
| Lifetime any binge | 16 | 18.7 | 77 | 5.9 | 3.66 | 1.71–7.87 b | |||||||||
| Past 12-month any binge | 8 | 19.4 | 85 | 6.3 | 3.71 | 1.68–8.20 b | |||||||||
| 0 | Lifetime any ED | 6 | 21.3 | 85 | 9.7 | 2.23 | 0.81–6.13 b | ||||||||
| Past 12-month any ED | 4 | 45.9 | 87 | 9.7 | 6.48 | 1.33–31.60 b | |||||||||
| Lifetime BED | 6 | 25.4 | 85 | 9.6 | 2.93 | 0.98–8.76 b | |||||||||
| Past 12-month BED | 4 | 45.9 | 87 | 9.7 | 6.47 | 1.33–31.61 b | |||||||||
| Lifetime BN | 1 | 66.9 | 90 | 9.9 | 18.18 | 1.39–238.40 b | |||||||||
| Lifetime any binge | 11 | 19.4 | 80 | 9.5 | 2.39 | 1.17–4.91 b | |||||||||
| Past 12-month any binge | 7 | 38.9 | 84 | 9.5 | 5.02 | 1.90–13.28 b | |||||||||
| Mood disorder outpatients a | |||||||||||||||
| [119] | Canada | x | MINI | 631 | 37.8–40.0 (12.0–12.4) | 59.0 | BE | 26 | 20.8 | 61 | 12.5 | 0.018 | |||
| ED patients | |||||||||||||||
| [120] | Sweden | x | ASRS | 1094 | 27.7 (8.7) | 100 | Any ED | 346 | 31.6 | - | - | ||||
| BED | 25 | 27.5 | - | - | |||||||||||
| BN | 156 | 37.1 | - | - | |||||||||||
| AN-BP | 13 | 35.1 | - | - | |||||||||||
| AN-R | 12 | 17.6 | - | - | |||||||||||
| EDNOS-BP | 102 | 31.0 | - | - | |||||||||||
| EDNOS-R | 38 | 25.7 | - | - | |||||||||||
| [121] | Sweden | x | ASRS | 443 | 27.5 (8.5) | 100 | Any ED | 45 | 10.2 | - | - | ||||
| [122] | Israel | x | x | K-SADS PL | 168 | DNS (15–28) | 100 | BE | - | 16.6 | - | 13.6 | 0.392 | ||
| BN | - | 12.0 | - | - | |||||||||||
| AN-BP | - | 28.0 | - | - | |||||||||||
| AN-R | - | 9.0 | - | - | |||||||||||
| [123] | Canada | x | ASRS | 500 | 27.6 (10.6) | 95.2 | Any ED | - | 49.8 | ||||||
| [124] | France | x | WURS + BAADS | 73 | 28.1 (7.3) | 100 | AN-R | 3 | 8.1 | - | - | ||||
| AN-BP | 9 | 32.1 | - | - | |||||||||||
| BN | 1 | 12.5 | - | - | |||||||||||
Note: N: group size; SD: Standard Deviation; ADHD: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; K-SADS PL: Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for school-age children-Present and Lifetime Version; K-ARS: Korean version of the ADHD rating scale; CIDI: Composite International Diagnostic Interview; MINI: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; ASRS: Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale; WURS: Wender Utah Rating Scale; BAADS: Brown Attention Deficit Disorder Scale; ED: eating disorder; BE: binge eating; BN: bulimia nervosa; BED: Binge Eating Disorder; AN: Anorexia Nervosa; BP: Binging/purging type; R: restrictive type; EDNOS: Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified; DNS: data not specified; a: major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder; b: logistic regression models adjusted for age and race/ethnicity.