Table 4.
Cox regression hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals for three outcomes.
| Predictor | PAD | MACE | Mortality |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indoxyl sulfate (10 μg/mL increase) | 1.19 (1.05–1.35) a | 1.00 (0.90–1.12) | 0.98 (0.90–1.07) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1.04 (0.94–1.14) | 1.05 (0.97–1.14) | 0.96 (0.90–1.02) |
| Systolic BP (10 mmHg increase) | 1.08 (0.90–1.29) | 1.17 (1.00–1.36) | 1.04 (0.93–1.17) |
| TC (10 mg/dL increase) | 1.04 (0.96–1.13) | 1.03 (0.96–1.11) | 1.01 (0.95–1.07) |
| HDL-C (10 mg/dL increase) | 0.94 (0.75–1.17) | 0.91 (0.76–1.11) | 0.92 (0.79–1.07) |
| LDL-C (10 mg/dL increase) | 1.08 (0.98–1.19) | 1.10 (1.00–1.21) b | 1.03 (0.96–1.11) |
| Triglycerides (10 mg/dL increase) | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) |
| TC:HDL-C | 1.05 (0.93–1.18) | 1.01 (0.90–1.13) | 0.99 (0.90–1.10) |
| Calcium (mg/dL) | 1.04 (0.68–1.61) | 1.61 (1.15–2.27) a | 1.46 (1.12–1.89) a |
| Phosphate (mg/dL) | 1.06 (0.86–1.31) | 0.99 (0.81–1.22) | 0.93 (0.78–1.10) |
| Ln CRP (mg/L) | 0.91 (0.67–1.24) | 1.06 (0.82–1.37) | 1.31 (1.10–1.56) a |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Ln, natural logarithm; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular event; PAD, peripheral artery disease; TC, total cholesterol. Separate models for each candidate risk factor; each model was adjusted for age, smoking, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. a p < 0.01, b p < 0.05.