. 2020 Nov 1;9(11):1585. doi: 10.3390/foods9111585

Table 3.

Summary of mycotoxin exposure studies on infants and young children in sub-Saharan Africa using occurrence and consumption data.

Country	Sample Size	Mycotoxin	Concentration (µg/kg)	Exposure Level, Mean (Range)	% Prevalence	PDI	TDI	Reference
Country	Sample Size	Mycotoxin	Concentration (µg/kg)	Exposure Level, Mean (Range)	% Prevalence	µg/kg bw/day		Reference
Nigeria	70	AFB1 (infants)	324.7 *	1850 * ng/kg bw/day	NR	1.91 *	0.00017	[120]
		AFB1 (children)	324.7 *	740 * ng/kg bw/day		0.76 *	0.00017	[120]
	137	AFB1	0.12–473.8	2.5–51,192 ng/kg bw/day	NR	NR	0.00017	[74]
		AFs	0.88–589.8	25.7–54,892 ng/kg bw/day			0.00017
		FBs	4.6–1,540	0–138.6 ng/kg bw/day			2
		OTA	0–26.4	0–2.03 ng/kg bw/day			0.1^a
		CIT	0.08–1,173	0.002–102 ng/kg bw/day			0.2
		BEA	0.004–69	0–3.14 ng/kg bw/day			90
		MON	0.8–3,450	0.02–156.8 ng/kg bw/day			200
Tanzania	254	FBs (sorted maize)	19–1758	1.99 (0.32–144.29) ^b µg/kg bw/day	10 ^c	<1.0	2.0	[121]
		FBs (unsorted maize)	19–21,666	36.80 (10.2–144.29) ^b µg/kg bw/day				[121]
	143	AFs	0.33–69.47	0.14–120 ng/kg bw/day	39		0.017	[76]
		FBs	48–1224	0.005–0.88 µg/kg bw/day	21	<2	2	[76]
	131	FBs	6.57–471.1	0.78–64.93 µg/kg bw/day	44.3		2.0	[93]
	143	AFM1	0.01–0.55	0:81–66.79 ng/kg bw/day	96 ^d	NR	NR	[100]
	41	AFs	0.11–386	1–786 ng/kg bw/day	32		0.017	[72]
		DON	57–825	0.38–8.87 µg/kg bw/day	44		1	[72]
		FBs	63–2284	0.19–26.37 µg/kg bw/day	83		2
	191	FBs	21–3201	0.003–28.84 µg/kg bw/day	69	NR	2	[38]

* Mean concentration; ^a µg/kg bw per week; ^b FB exposure at 97th percentile; ^c exceeded the PMTDI; ^d exceeded 0.025 ng/mL(EU limit for AFM1 contamination in infant food (EC, 2006)); AFs = total aflatoxins; AFB1 = aflatoxin B1; BEA = beauvericin; CIT = citrinin; DON = deoxynivalenol; FBs = total fumonisins; MON = moniliformin; NR = not reported; OTA = ochratoxin A.