Table 1.
Summary of the putative identification of phytonutrients in the extracts, with compounds pertaining to each extract (E1, E2, and E3) marked ✓—if present and ✗—if absent. Compounds are organized by chemical classification.
| Chemical Classification | Putative Identification | E1 | E2 | E3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flavonoids | Ampelopsin (Ampeloptin, Dihydromyricetin) | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| Avicularin (Quercetin-3-O-arabinofuranoside, Fenicularin) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Catechin or Epicatechin-O-hexoside | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Cinnamtannin B1 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Cinnamtannin D1 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (Kuromanin, Asterin, Chrysanthemin) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (Sambicyanin, Gossypicyanin) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Cyanidin-O-(coumaroyl)hexoside | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Delphinidin-3-O-arabinoside | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Delphinidin-3-O-galactoside (Empetrin) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Delphinidin-O-(pentosyl)hexoside | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Epicatechin | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Epigallocatechin | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Gallocatechin | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Hyperoside (Quercetin-3-O-galactoside, Hyperin) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Idaein (Idein, Cyanidin-3-O-galactoside) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Isoquercitrin (Hirsutrin, Quercetin-3-O-glucoside) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Isorhamnetin-O-glucuronide | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Laricitrin (Myricetin-3′-O-methyl ether) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Laricitrin-O-hexoside | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Malvidin-3-O-arabinoside | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Malvidin-O-(coumaroyl)hexoside | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Malvidin-O-hexoside | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Myricetin | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Myricetin-3-O-arabinoside | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Myricetin-O-hexoside | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Myricetin-O-pentoside isomer | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Naringenin | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Naringenin chalcone | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Pentahydroxyflavone (Hypolaetin, Quercetin, Tricetin) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Peonidin-3-O-arabinoside | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Peonidin-O-(coumaroyl)hexoside | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Peonidin-O-(pentosyl)hexoside | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | |
| Peonidin-O-hexoside | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Peonidin-O-pentoside isomer | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | |
| Petunidin-3-O-arabinoside | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Petunidin-3-O-galactoside | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Petunidin-O-(pentosyl)hexoside | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | |
| Procyanidin B1 or B3 | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Prunin (Naringenin 7-O-glucoside) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Quercetin-3-O-[3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl-(→4)-rhamnoside] | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Quercetin-O-(coumaroyl)hexoside | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Quercetin-O-rhamnoside-O-pentoside | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Quercitrin (Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Syringetin-O-hexoside | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Trihydroxyflavanone | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Amino acids | 2-Aminoadipic acid | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Arginine | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Asparagine | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Glutamic acid | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | |
| Histidine | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | |
| Isoleucine or Leucine | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Lysine | ✓ | ✗ | ✓ | |
| Phenylalanine | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Threonine | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Tryptophan | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Tyrosine | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | |
| Polyphenols | Caffeoylshikimic acid | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Chlorogenic acid (3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Coumaroylquinic acid | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Coumaroyl-shikimate | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Feruloylquinic acid | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Gallic acid (3,4,5-Trihydroxybenzoic acid) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Carboxylic acids | 4-Coumaric acid | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Caffeic acid | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Dihydroxy-methoxybenzoic acid | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Dimethoxy-hidroxycinnamic acid (Sinapic acid) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Ferulic acid | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Vitamins | Adenine | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Nicotinamide | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Nicotinic acid (B3) | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| Pantothenic acid (B5) | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ | |
| Terpenoids | Abscisic acid (ABA) | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Sugars | Saccharic acid | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Lactones | Gulonic acid γ-lactone or δ-Gluconic acid δ-lactone | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Esters | Methyl gallate | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Alkaloids | Choline | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ |
| Iridoids | 7-Deoxyloganic acid | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |
| Miscellaneous | 4-Methoxycinnamaldehyde | ✗ | ✗ | ✓ |
| 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| 5-Methyl-2-furaldehyde | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | |
| N-(2-Phenylethyl)acetamide | ✓ | ✗ | ✗ | |
| Phytosphingosine | ✗ | ✓ | ✗ | |
| Vanillin | ✗ | ✓ | ✓ |