The E3 aptamer targets a broad range of cancer cell types with nanomolar-apparent affinity. Cancer cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of DL650-E3 aptamer or DL650-C36 control aptamer for 1 h before washing cells and analyzing by flow cytometry. The histograms are graphs of cell fluorescence after treatment with the 250 nM (a,b,d–f) or 1000 nM (c) aptamer solutions, and the binding curves are the combination of three independent experiments, with the median fluorescent intensity (MFI) of the aptamer-treated samples normalized to the median fluorescent intensity of the cells alone signal. Flow cytometry analysis of E3 targeting to (a) the breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, MCF7 and BT-474; (b) the lung cancer cell line NCI-H1703; (c) the pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC-1, MIA PaCa-2 and BxPC-3; (d) the skin epidermoid cancer cell A431; (e) the brain cancer cell lines U-118MG and SK-N-AS; and (f) the Jurkat peripheral blood cancer cell line.