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. 2020 Nov 4;9(11):775. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics9110775

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Figure 1

Indiscriminate removal of N-linked glycans from the pharyngeal cell surface via PNGase F treatment results in increased M12 Group A Streptococcus (GAS) biofilm biomass. (A) Assay schematic for 72 h M12 GAS biofilms formed on PNGase F pre-treated and untreated pharyngeal monolayers. (B) Initial adherence enumerated for planktonic GAS following 2 h incubation with Detroit-562 cell monolayers. 72 h biofilms were assessed for (C) biofilm biomass via crystal violet staining and (D) colony forming units via enumeration. Data represents mean ± SEM, with statistical analysis performed, * (p ≤ 0.05) and **** (p ≤ 0.0001); n = 3 biological replicates, with 3 technical replicates each.