Clinical observations piglet study. (a–c) Fecal scores of preterm and near-term piglets at (a) day 4 at 9 am, (b) day 4 at 6 p.m. and (c) day 5 at 9 am. (d–g) Gastric aspirates were taken 3 h after a bolus of enteral nutrition (EN) and volume (mL) was measured at (d) day 1, (e) day 2, (f) day 3 and (g) day 4. (h,i) Fraction of piglets that not cleared the contrast fluid from the stomach over time (h), determined by X-ray analysis, for (h) preterm and (i) near-term piglets. n = 14 for preterm piglets, n = 8–9 for near-term piglets. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, ns = non-significant based on t-test between EH-WPC and MP-WPC.