Table 1.
Details of HLA genes associated with HBV and MMR vaccine efficacies and safety. HLA: human leukocyte antigen; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; MMR: measles, mumps, and rubella.
| Gene | Gene Description | Genomic Location | Function of Gene Product | Associated Disease Phenotypes–Not Vaccine Related [28] | Studies on Associated Vaccinomic Phenotypes | Studies on Associated Adversomics Phenotypes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HBV | MMR | HBV | |||||
| HLA-DRB1 | Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR β 1 | 6p21.32 | HLA class II β chain paralogue, presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins | Sarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, autism/schizophrenia | [17,18,19,20,21,23,25] | [29,30] | [31,32] |
| HLA-DQB1 | Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ β 1 | 6p21.32 | HLA class II β chain paralogue, presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins | Celiac disease, multiple sclerosis, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, autism/schizophrenia | [17,18,19,20,22,25] | [30] | [31] |
| HLA-DPB1 | Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP β 1 | 6p21.32 | HLA class II β chain paralogue, presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins | Chronic beryllium disease, Wegener granulomatosis, chronic hepatitis B infection | [24,25] | [30,33] | None |
| HLA-B | Major histocompatibility complex, class I, B | 6p21.33 | HLA class I heavy chain paralogue, presenting peptides derived from the endoplasmic reticulum lumen | Behcet disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension, toxic epidermal necrolysis, spondyloarthropathy, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Takayasu arteritis | None | [29,30] | None |
| HLA-DQA1 | Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ α 1 | 6p21.32 | HLA class II α chain paralogue, presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins | Myasthenia gravis, celiac disease, idiopathic achalasia | None | [29,30] | None |
| HLA-A | Major histocompatibility complex, class I, A | 6p22.1 | HLA class I heavy chain paralogue, presenting peptides derived from the endoplasmic reticulum lumen | Cancers, birdshot chorioretinopathy, myelodysplastic syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis | None | [30] | None |
| HLA-DPA1 | Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP α 1 | 6p21.32 | HLA class II α chain paralogue, presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins | Granulomatosis with polyangiitis | None | [30] | None |