Table 5. Genetic variations in AR affecting receptor expression that potentially modulate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 entry to host cell.

AR gene	Variation	Short tandem repeat range, frequency	Effect on protein, virus interaction or infection	Ref.
Genetic variations	CAG repeats, exon 1, variable lengths of polyglutamine (polyGln/polyQ)	6–35, >21: 13–55%	Longer CAG repeats result in reduced AR transcriptional activity	[69]
	GGC repeats, exon 1, variable lengths of polyglycine (polyGly/polyG)	>17: 1–8%	Longer GGC repeats potentially result in reduced AR transcriptional activity	[69]
Epigenetic changes: histone modifications	Histone demethylases	–	Generation of constitutively active forms of androgen receptor variants	[70]