Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients treated with apixaban, dabigatran, and rivaroxaban.
| Clinical Characteristic |
All n = 2971 |
Apixaban n = 953 |
Dabigatran n = 819 |
Rivaroxaban n = 1199 |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age Mean (SD), years < 65 65-74 ≥ 75 |
72.0 (11.5) 688 (23.2) 977 (32.9) 1306 (43.9) |
74.9 (11.5) 162 (17.0) 270 (28.3) 521 (54.7) |
70.3 (11.1) 217 (26.5) 296 (36.1) 306 (37.4) |
70.8 (11.3) 309 (25.8) 411 (34.2) 479 (40) |
< 0.0001 < 0.0001 |
| Female, n (%) | 1277 (43.0) | 449 (47.1) | 306 (37.4) | 522 (43.5) | 0.0002 |
| Type of atrial fibrillation | |||||
| Paroxysmal | 1488 (50.1) | 460 (48.3) | 411(50.2) | 617 (51.5) | 0.3384 |
| Persistent | 772 (26.0) | 212 (22.2) | 225 (27.5) | 335 (27.9) | 0.0059 |
| Permanent | 711 (23.9) | 281 (29.5) | 183 (22.3) | 247 (20.6) | < 0.0001 |
| Non-permanent | 2260 (76.1) | 672 (70.5) | 636 (77.7) | 952 (79.4) | < 0.0001 |
| Medical history | |||||
| Hypertension | 2512 (84.6) | 805 (84.5) | 709 (86.6) | 998 (83.2) | 0.1259 |
| Heart failure | 1892 (63.7) | 653 (68.5) | 494 (60.3) | 745 (62.1) | 0.0006 |
| Vascular disease | 1640 (55.2) | 556 (58.3) | 457 (55.8) | 627 (52.3) | 0.0181 |
| Coronary artery disease | 1467 (49.4) | 495 (51.9) | 410 (50.1) | 562 (46.9) | 0.0587 |
| Previous myocardial infarction | 641 (21.6) | 244 (25.6) | 163 (19.9) | 234 (19.5) | 0.0012 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 414 (13.9) | 152 (15.9) | 106 (12.9) | 156 (13) | 0.0929 |
| Previous stroke/transient ischemic attack/peripheral embolism | 488 (16.4) | 146 (15.3) | 148 (18.1) | 194 (16.2) | 0.2842 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 999 (33.6) | 344 (36.1) | 269 (32.8) | 386 (32.2) | 0.1400 |
| Any previous bleeding | 147 (4.9) | 79 (8.3) | 35 (4.3) | 33 (2.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Previous gastric bleeding | 94 (3.2) | 54 (5.7) | 18 (2.2) | 22 (1.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Previous intracranial bleeding | 16 (0.5) | 8 (0.8) | 4 (0.5) | 4 (0.3) | 0.2675 |
| Malignancy | 135 (4.5) | 55 (5.8) | 31 (3.8) | 49 (4.1) | 0.0831 |
| Thromboembolic risk | |||||
| CHA2DS2-VASc score Mean (SD) =0 =1 ≥2 |
4.3 (1.8) 55 (1.9) 145 (4.9) 2771(93.3) |
4.6 (1.7) 5 (0.5) 38 (4.0) 910 (95.5) |
4.2 (1.9) 18 (2.2) 48 (5.9) 753 (91.9) |
4.2 (1.9) 32 (2.7) 59 (4.9) 1108 (92.4) |
< 0.0001 0.0013 |
| Bleeding risk | |||||
| HAS-BLED score Mean (SD) ≥3 |
2.0 (0.9) 705 (23.7) |
2.2 (0.9) 296 (31.1) |
1.9 (0.9) 169 (20.6) |
1.9 (0.8) 240 (20.0) |
< 0.0001 < 0.0001 |
| Reason for hospitalization | |||||
| Electrical cardioversion | 764 (25.7) | 151(15.8) | 237 (28.9) | 376 (31.3) | < 0.0001 |
| Planned coronarography/PCI | 282 (9.5) | 83 (8.7) | 79 (9.6) | 120 (10.0) | 0.5844 |
| Planned CIED implantation/reimplantation | 265 (8.9) | 104 (10.9) | 62 (7.6) | 99 (8.3) | 0.0281 |
| Acute coronary syndrome | 167 (5.6) | 73 (7.7) | 38 (4.6) | 56 (4.7) | 0.0041 |
| Heart failure | 595 (20.0) | 279 (29.3) | 138 (16.8) | 178 (14.8) | < 0.0001 |
| Ablation other than AF | 144 (4.8) | 28 (2.9) | 43 (5.3) | 73 (6.1) | 0.0027 |
| AF without any procedures | 211 (7.1) | 78 (8.2) | 55 (6.7) | 78 (6.5) | 0.2829 |
| Other | 543 (18.3) | 157 (16.5) | 167 (20.4) | 219 (18.3) | 0.1042 |
The numbers are presented as the mean ± standard deviation, or as numbers (percentage) if otherwise mentioned. Abbreviation: AF, atrial fibrillation; CIED, cardiac implantable electronic device; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation. CHA2DS2-VASc score: congestive heart failure (1 point), hypertension (1 point), age ≥ 75 years (2 points), diabetes mellitus (1 point), stroke/TIA/thromboembolism (2 points), vascular disease (1 point), age 65–74 years (1 point), sex female (1 point). HAS-BLED score: hypertension (1 point), liver disease (1 point), renal disease (1 point), stroke history (1 point), bleeding history (1 point), age >65 years (1 point), and drug (concomitant use of NSAID or antiplatelet agent, 1 point).