Table 2.
Summary of inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify studies involving early incorporation of nutrition interventions as a component of cancer therapy.
| Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | Any setting (within last 10 years) | Animal studies |
| >18 years of age | <18 years of age | |
| Diagnosed with cancer | No cancer diagnosis | |
| Receiving or planning to receive active treatment for cancer diagnosis (unless receiving surgery only) | Not receiving or no plans to receive active treatment for cancer diagnosisOnly receiving surgery as a cancer treatment | |
| Any nutritional status (well nourished, malnourished, or at-risk of malnutrition) | Pregnant or lactating females | |
| Studies published within the last 10 years (January 2010 or later) | Studies published before January 2010 | |
| Intervention | Specified nutrition interventions (singly or in combination) for malnourished patients or those at-risk of malnutrition: - Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) - Enteral nutrition - Parenteral nutrition - Dietary counseling/dietary advice - Formalized nutrition discharge education - ONS coupons and literature on ONS-tailored nutritional care plans at discharge - Nutrition education, post-discharge phone calls - Home visits by registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN) |
Nutrition interventions to prevent weight gain Non-commercially available or home-prepared ONS Any of the following (alone or in combination with any other interventions, including the specified nutrition interventions): - Vitamin or mineral supplementation or both - Exercise/physical activity - Behavioral/mental health interventions - Alternative medicine |
| Comparison | Specified nutrition intervention(s) vs. no nutrition intervention(s) | No comparison/control group |
| Specified nutrition intervention(s) vs. other specified nutrition intervention(s) | ||
| Specified nutrition intervention(s) vs. standard of care | ||
| Early specified nutrition intervention(s) vs. late intervention(s) | ||
| Duration of Intervention | >1 week | <1 week |
| Outcome | Anthropometrics - Body weight - Body mass index (BMI) |
Outcomes other than the specified health and nutrition outcomes |
| Body composition - Muscle mass - Fat mass | ||
| Nutritional status - Results of malnutrition screening/assesment - Energy intake - Protein intake | ||
| Functional status - Muscle strength - Handgrip strength - Physical activity | ||
| Quality of Life (QoL) | ||
| Hospital readmissions/unplanned hospitalizations | ||
| Response to treatment - Treatment tolerance - Treatment interruption - Full completion of treatment protocol | ||
| Emergency Department (ED) visits | ||
| Complications | ||
| Morbidity | ||
| Mortality | ||
| Healthcare costs |