Table 2.
Maternal characteristics of participants in the Jundiaí Zika Cohort.
| Variable | ZIKV Symptoms Present * (n = 171) | ZIKV Symptoms Absent (n = 479) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | |||
| 13–19 years | 32 (18.7%) | 65 (13.6%) | 0.07 |
| 20–34 years | 112 (65.5%) | 305 (63.7%) | |
| 35–46 years | 27 (15.8%) | 109 (22.8%) | |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | |
| Education | |||
| ≤8 years | 30 (17.8%) | 78 (16.6%) | 0.96 |
| 9–11 years | 40 (23.7%) | 106 (22.6%) | |
| 12 years | 74 (43.8%) | 210 (44.8%) | |
| >12 years | 25 (14.8%) | 75 (16.0%) | |
| Missing | 2 (1.2%) | 9 (1.9%) | |
| Ethnicity/race | |||
| White | 94 (56.3%) | 246 (52.5%) | 0.86 $ |
| Mixed race | 55 (32.9%) | 165 (35.2%) | |
| Black | 15 (9.0%) | 49 (10.5%) | |
| Other (Asian/Indigenous) | 3 (1.8%) | 9 (1.9%) | |
| Missing | 4 (2.3%) | 10 (2.1%) | |
| Relationship with partner | |||
| Married/co-habiting | 129 (76.3%) | 361 (76.7%) | 0.93 |
| Single/divorced/widowed | 40 (23.7%) | 111 (23.4%) | |
| Missing | 2 (1.2%) | 8 (1.7%) | |
| Type of delivery | |||
| Vaginal/forceps | 75 (51.4%) | 200 (50.4%) | 0.84 |
| C-section | 71 (48.6%) | 197 (49.6%) | |
| Missing | 2 (1.4%) | 1 (0.25%) | |
| ZIKV RT–PCR status | |||
| Positive in urine | 14 (8.2%) | 34 (7.1%) | 0.64 |
| Negative in urine | 157 (91.8%) | 445 (92.9) |
* At least one symptom compatible with ZIKV infection as per the current WHO standard clinical case definition. Note: percentages for all categories were calculated with exclusion of those with missing data from the denominator. $ All the p-values calculated using the chi-squared test [2] except for those labeled with $, which were calculated using the Fisher’s exact test. The “missing” category was not included as a category when the p-value was estimated.