Permissive |
Low control; High warmth |
Lenient; Accepting of child impulses & actions |
Positively associated with perception of picky eating behaviors |
Negatively associated with modeling & monitoring |
Negatively associated with mealtime structural practices, healthy food modeling, & household food rules |
N/A |
Authoritarian |
High control; Low warmth |
Exhibits control & regulation over child behaviors |
Positively associated with restriction & pressure to eat; Negatively associated with monitoring |
Negatively associated with mealtime structural practices & healthy food modeling |
Negatively associated with vegetable consumption & availability of fruits and vegetables |
Authoritative |
High control; High warmth |
Balance of control & child autonomy |
Positively associated with non-picky eating behaviors |
Negatively associated with restriction; Positively associated with modeling, monitoring, & perceptions of responsibility |
Positively associated with mealtime structural practices & healthy food modeling |
Positively associated with vegetable consumption & availability of fruits and vegetables |